Technical Challenges of Utilizing Ground Tire Rubber in Asphalt Pavements in the United States.

At least 275 million scrap tires exist in stockpiles in the U.S. The practice of dumping scrap tires in landfills has been an environmental concern.

Rheology of Virgin Asphalt Binder Combined with High Percentages of RAP Binder Rejuvenated with Waste Vegetable Oil.

Waste cooking oils (WCOs) show promise as a rejuvenator for reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binders. Their use helps to make RAP a renewable resource and to address environmental concerns related to WCO disposal. While studies suggest that 100% RAP for pavement is feasible, RAP will likely be combined with a virgin binder and aggregate incrementally in the field.