The chloroplast genome of Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. and its exploration in the evolutionary position uncertainty of genus Chrozophora.

Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. is a biennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has medicinal properties.

Combined effect of gallic acid and zinc ferrite nanoparticles on wheat growth and yield under salinity stress.

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields.

Effect of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar on wheat growth, antioxidants and nutrients concentration under salinity stress.

Globally, salinity is an important abiotic stress in agriculture. It induced oxidative stress and nutritional imbalance in plants, resulting in poor crop productivity. Applying silicon (Si) can improve the uptake of macronutrients.

Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress.

Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) naturally occurs in soil and is a hazardous trace contaminant for humans, animals, and plants. The main sources of Cd pollution in soil include overuse of phosphatic fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, and aerial deposition. That's why an experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of Cd toxicity in Capsicum annuum L.

Modulation of sunflower growth via regulation of antioxidants, oil content and gas exchange by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and quantum dot biochar under chromium stress.

Chromium (Cr) toxicity significantly threatens sunflower growth and productivity by interfering with enzymatic activity and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zinc quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have become popular to resolve this issue. AMF can facilitate root growth, while biochar tends to minimize Cr mobility in soil.

Uncovering the impact of AM fungi on wheat nutrient uptake, ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense under salinity stress.

The growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is constrained by soil salinity, although some fungal species have been shown to enhance production in saline environments. The yield of grain crops is affected by salt stress, and this study aimed to investigate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) mitigates salt stress. An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of AMF on wheat growth and yield in conditions of 200 mM salt stress.

Effect of nanobiochar (nBC) on morpho-physio-biochemical responses of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in Cr-spiked soil.

Chromium is a highly toxic heavy metal. High concentrations of Cr (III) can affect metabolic processes in plants, resulting in different morphological, physiological, and biochemical defects. Agricultural practices such as sewage irrigation, over-fertilization, and sewage sludge application contribute significantly to Cr contamination.

Synthesis of phytostabilized zinc oxide nanoparticles and their effects on physiological and anti-oxidative responses of Zea mays (L.) under chromium stress.

Chromium (Cr) is a hazardous metal that has a significant risk of transfer from soil to edible parts of food crops, including shoot tissues. Reduction of Cr accumulation is required to lower the risk of Cr-exposed in humans and animals feeding on metal-contaminated parts of such plant. Zea mays is a global staple crop irrigated intensively with Cr-contaminated water.

Triticum aestivum: antioxidant gene profiling and morpho-physiological studies under salt stress.

Background: Soil salinity drastically reduced wheat growth and production in Pakistan. It is a need of an hour to identify the best suitable salt tolerance or resistant wheat varieties which shows good growth under salinity affected areas. In presented study, two wheat varieties Johar (salt tolerant) and Sarsabaz (salt sensitive) were examined under NaCl stress conditions.

The chloroplast genome of Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, phylogenetic analysis, and comparative study with other members of Clade C of Brassicaceae.

Background: Farsetia hamiltonii Royle is a medicinally important annual plant from the Cholistan desert that belongs to the tribe Anastaticeae and clade C of the Brassicaceae family. We provide the entire chloroplast sequence of F.hamiltonii, obtained using the Illumina HiSeq2500 and paired-end sequencing.

Iron oxide nanoparticles and selenium supplementation improve growth and photosynthesis by modulating antioxidant system and gene expression of chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in arsenic-stressed Cucumis melo.

Current research reveals the positive role of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and selenium (Se) in extenuation of arsenic (As) induced toxicity in Cucumis melo. C. melo plants grown in As spiked soil (20 mg kg As) showed reduced growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity and transpiration.

Mitigation of bacterial spot disease induced biotic stress in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars via antioxidant enzymes and isoforms.

Bacterial spot, caused by a group of Xanthomonads (Xanthomonas spp.), is a devastating disease. It can adversely affect the Capsicum annum productivity.

Phosphorus Nutrient Management through Synchronization of Application Methods and Rates in Wheat and Maize Crops.

Management of inorganic fertilizer is very important to obtain maximum crop yield and improved nutrient use efficiency in cereal crops. Fixation of phosphatic fertilizers in alkaline soils due to calcareousness is one of the major hurdles. It induces phosphorus nutritional stress that can decrease the yield of maize and wheat.

Ameliorative effect of co-application of EI09 and Se to mitigate chromium stress in L.

The present study was conducted to explore the potential of EI09 (EI09) and selenium (Se) alone or in combination to mitigate hexavalent chromium (Cr) stress in L. Chromium stressed plants exhibited significant reduction in biomass, chlorophyll content and gas exchange characteristics. The inoculated seedlings subjected to Crstress showed improvement in growth, proline content, gas exchange attributes and total soluble proteins.

Chemical constituents of Cordia latifolia and their nematicidal activity.

Following nematicidal activity-guided isolation studies on the fruits, bark, and leaves of Cordia latifolia, two new constituents, cordinoic acid (=11-oxours-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid; 1) and cordicilin (=2-{[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(stearoyloxy)phenyl]propanoic acid; 2) were isolated from the stem and leaves, respectively, together with nine known compounds, namely cordioic and cordifolic acid from the stem bark, latifolicin A-D and rosmarinic acid from the fruits, and cordinol and cordicinol from the leaves. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. The nematicidal activities of these constituents were determined against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Description of Tylenchorhynchus qasimii sp. n. with a New Report of T. kegasawaiMinagawa, 1995 from Pakistan.

A new stunt nematode, from soil around the roots of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Karachi, Pakistan, is described and illustrated as Tylenchorhynchus qasimii n.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Lantana camara and their nematicidal activity.

Two new olean-12-ene triterpenoids, camarolic acid (1) and lantrigloylic acid (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara, along with ten known triterpenes, namely, camaric acid, lantanolic acid, lantanilic acid, pomolic acid, camarinic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid. The new compounds have been characterized as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-{[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-[(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy]olea-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid (2) through spectroscopic studies and a chemical transformation. Seven of the constituents, namely pomolic acid, lantanolic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid, were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.