What is the effect of poaching activity on wildlife species?

Poaching is a pervasive threat to wildlife, yet quantifying the direct effect of poaching on wildlife is rarely possible because both wildlife and threat data are infrequently collected concurrently. In this study, we used poaching data collected through the Management Information System (MIST) and wildlife camera trap data collected by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) network from 2014 to 2017 in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. We implemented co-occurrence multi-season occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection to investigate the effect of poaching on initial occupancy, colonization, and extinction of five mammal species.

Applying case definition criteria to irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective: The quality of documentation of signs and symptoms and validation of the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to case definition criteria of Manning, Rome I and Rome II in an office setting has not been previously described. We sought to identify and validate cases of IBS based on the Manning, Rome I and Rome II diagnostic criteria in a rural practice setting.

Setting: Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area (MESA) Central consisting of 14 ZIP codes in central Wisconsin, USA.

Barrett's esophagus: incidence and prevalence estimates in a rural Mid-Western population.

Background And Aims: Barrett's esophagus (BE) predisposes to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma is low. We studied patients diagnosed with BE in the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area (MESA). Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed BE, estimate the annual incidence of initial diagnosis of BE, and characterize the demographics of patients diagnosed with BE.

Gene-based drug prescribing: clinical implications of the cytochrome P450 genes.

The Institute of Medicine recently mandated an increased effort to improve patient safety and reduce medical error. With the description of genetic polymorphisms in the drug metabolizing enzymes, the field of pharmacogenetics may improve medical care through a reduction in both therapeutic failure and adverse drug reaction. Investigators at the Marshfield Clinic in central Wisconsin are piloting the process of gene-based drug prescribing in a variety of contexts.

Central pontine myelinolysis: case series and review.

Objective: To review central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) and describe the clinical features, etiologic factors, and clinical outcomes of 6 patients diagnosed with CPM or ODS.

Study Design: A retrospective case series.

Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with CPM or ODS at Marshfield Clinic/St.

Cytochrome P450 gene-based drug prescribing and factors impacting translation into routine clinical practice.

Pharmacogenetics represents a rapidly advancing, competitive field of investigation. Due to the potential for clinically recognizable interactions between a set of old polymorphic genes and a relatively new environmental insult (drugs), many human geneticists believe that variability in the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems will soon translate into clinical practice across entire populations. Despite this, the field has not yet received widespread clinical acceptance.