Mechanistic insights of desmopressin loaded elastic liposomes for transdermal delivery: HSPiP predictive parameters and instrumental based evidences.

Desmopressin acetate (DA) is a first-line option for the treatment of hemophilia A, von Willebrand's disease, nocturnal enuresis, central diabetes insipidus, and various traumatic injuries. We extended previously reported desmopressin-loaded elastic liposomes (ODEL1) to investigate mechanistic insights into ODEL1 mediated augmented permeation across rat skin. HSPiP software and instrumental techniques such as differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescent microscopy provided better understandings of permeation behavior.

Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by palatable obesogenic diet withdrawal.

Unlabelled: Consumption of palatable food (PF) can alleviate anxiety, and pain in humans. Contrary, spontaneous withdrawal of long-term PF intake produces anxiogenic-like behavior and abnormal pain sensation, causing challenges to weight-loss diet and anti-obesity agents. Thus, we examined α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) involvement since it plays essential role in nociception and psychological behaviors.

The potential effect of α7 nicotinic receptors modulation on palatable food-induced dependence-like behaviors.

Background: The recent global increase in obesity rates, coupled with excessive palatable food (PF) consumption, has become a serious societal concern. Literature indicates that rewarding PF, especially upon cessation, can lead to overeating, binge eating, and compulsive eating, potentially resulting in obesity. Challenges in dietary paradigms, alongside limitations in approved treatments for eating disorders and anti-obesity medications, underscore the need to explore novel targets.

Examining Anxiety and Insomnia in Internship Students and Their Association with Internet Gaming Disorder.

Internships are a mandatory graduation requirement to help medical students transition to the work environment. Some individuals are prone to anxiety in an unfamiliar environment, which is a public concern among young adults. Here, we investigated the mechanism between internet gaming disorder and anxiety and insomnia among internship students.

Increased Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Diabetic Mouse Model ( Mice).

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is linked to multiple complications, including cognitive impairment, and the prevalence of memory-related neurodegenerative diseases is higher in T2DM patients. One possible theory is the alteration of the microvascular and macrovascular environment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we employed different approaches, including RT-PCR, functional pharmacokinetic studies using sodium fluorescein (NaFL), and confocal microscopy, to characterize the functional and molecular integrity of the BBB in a T2DM animal model, leptin receptor-deficient mutant mice ( mice).

Association between COVID-19 severity and tobacco smoking status: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching weights analysis.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a global threat to public health, with over 766 million confirmed cases and more than 6 million reported deaths. Patients with a smoking history are at a greater risk of severe respiratory complications and death due to COVID-19. This study investigated the association between smoking history and adverse clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients admitted to a designated medical centre in Saudi Arabia.

Therapeutic benefits of quercetin in traumatic brain injury model exposed to cigarette smoke.

Scientific evidences reported the deleterious effect of cigarette smoking or passive smoking on brain health particularly cognitive functions, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, up-regulation of inflammatory cascades, and depletion of the antioxidant system. These combined effects become more progressive in the events of stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and many other neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we investigated the long-term administered therapeutic potential of quercetin in ameliorating the deleterious neurobiological consequences of chronic tobacco smoke exposure in TBI mice.

Investigating Behavioral and Neuronal Changes in Adolescent Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Electronic Cigarette (E-Cigarette) Vapor Containing Nicotine.

A substantial percentage of pregnant smokers stop using traditional cigarettes and switch to alternative nicotine-related products such as e-cigarettes. Prenatal exposure to tobacco increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in children. Adolescence is a complex phase in which higher cognitive and emotional processes undergo maturation and refinement.

Mechanistic Insights into Luteolin-Loaded Elastic Liposomes for Transdermal Delivery: HSPiP Predictive Parameters and Instrument-Based Evidence.

We evaluated mechanistic insights into luteolin (LUT)-loaded elastic liposomes (OLEL1) permeated across rat skin. HSPiP software-based parameters, thermal analysis, infrared analysis, and morphological evaluations were employed to understand mechanistic observations of drug permeation and deposition. HSPiP provided HSP values (δ, δ, and δ) of OLEL1 (based on composition), LUT, excipients, and rat skin (literature value and by-default value).

Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS.

Objectives: To detect the cotinine and nicotine serum concentrations of female and male C57BL/6J mice after a 4-week exposure to electronic (e)-cigarette vapors using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Methods: This experimental study was carried out at an animal facility and laboratories, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and August 2020. A 4-week exposure to e-cigarettes was carried out using male and female mice and serum samples were obtained for cotinine and nicotine quantification using UPLC-MS/MS.

Effects of Chronic Inhalation of Electronic Cigarette Vapor Containing Nicotine on Neurobehaviors and Pre/Postsynaptic Neuron Markers.

Nicotine-exposed animal models exhibit neurobehavioral changes linked to impaired synaptic plasticity. Previous studies highlighted alterations in neurotransmitter levels following nicotine exposure. Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1) and vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (VGAT) are essential for the transport and release of glutamate and GABA, respectively, from presynaptic neurons into synapses.

Examining Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity as Predictors of Depression among University Students from Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Conducted during the second wave of the pandemic, this cross-sectional study examined the link between sleep quality, physical activity, exposure, and the impact of COVID-19 as predictors of mental health in Saudi undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 207 participants were recruited, 89% of whom were females and 94% were single. The measures included questionnaires on the level of exposure and the perceived impact of COVID-19, a physical activity measure, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI.

Metformin attenuates V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in Melanoma: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies.

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a high rate of metastasis to other organs. Recent studies specified the overexpression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) in melanoma. Metformin shows anti-tumor activities in several cancer types.

COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Sentiments Analysis: A Case Study Using Worldwide Twitter Dataset.

COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, resulting in endless efforts to reduce infections, fatalities, and therapies to mitigate its after-effects. Currently, large and fast-paced vaccination campaigns are in the process to reduce COVID-19 infection and fatality risks. Despite recommendations from governments and medical experts, people show conceptions and perceptions regarding vaccination risks and share their views on social media platforms.

Cathepsin B inhibitor alleviates Th1, Th17, and Th22 transcription factor signaling dysregulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration in association with demyelination in the central nervous system. Among the factors involved in the immunological mechanisms of MS, Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells play a critical role. In the present study, we investigated the role of CA-074, a potent Cathepsin B inhibitor, in MS progression, using the SJL/J mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

COVID-19: A new challenge for mental health and policymaking recommendations.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has emerged lately, leading to a serious public health threat. The clinical features associated with COVID-19 are yet to be conclusively documented. Caution is needed when interpreting the severity of the symptoms as most of the diagnosed patients are those attending clinical assessments.

Isolation and Establishment of a Highly Proliferative, Cancer Stem Cell-Like, and Naturally Immortalized Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, KAIMRC2.

In vitro studies of a disease are key to any in vivo investigation in understanding the disease and developing new therapy regimens. Immortalized cancer cell lines are the best and easiest model for studying cancer in vitro. Here, we report the establishment of a naturally immortalized highly tumorigenic and triple-negative breast cancer cell line, KAIMRC2.

Coadministration of Ketamine and Perampanel Improves Behavioral Function and Reduces Inflammation in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most debilitating neurological disorders with inadequate therapeutic options. It affects all age groups globally leading to post-TBI behavioral challenges and life-long disabilities requiring interventions for these health issues. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice were induced with TBI through the weight-drop method, and outcomes of acutely administered ketamine alone and in combination with perampanel were observed.

Examining the central effects of chronic stressful social isolation on rats.

Stress-related disorders are extremely complex and current treatment strategies have limitations. The present study investigated alternative pathological mechanisms using a combination of multiple environmental approaches with biochemical and molecular tools. The aim of the present study was to evaluate blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity in socially manipulated animal housing conditions.

The Role of Nicotinic Receptors in the Attenuation of Autism-Related Behaviors in a Murine BTBR T + tf/J Autistic Model.

Nicotinic receptors are distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. Postmortem studies have reported that some nicotinic receptor subtypes are altered in the brains of autistic people. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the autistic behavior of BTBR T + tf/J mouse model of autism.

Serum proteomic profiling of patients with amphetamine use disorder.

Background: Amphetamine use disorder has been recently classified as an epidemic condition. Amphetamine use/abuse has been associated with several neurological and inflammatory effects. However, the exact mechanism involved in these effects warrants further investigation.

Systemic TNF-α blockade attenuates anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in mice through downregulation of inflammatory signaling in peripheral immune cells.

Research studies have indicated that the comorbidity burden of mood disorders and obesity is reasonably high. Insulin signaling has been shown to modulate multiple physiological functions in the brain, indicating its association with neuropsychiatric diseases, including mood disorders. Leptin is a hormone responsible for regulating body weight and insulin homeostasis.

Liraglutide attenuates gefitinib-induced cardiotoxicity and promotes cardioprotection through the regulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Gefitinib is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is associated with cardiotoxicity that can limit its clinical use. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, showed potent cardioprotective effects with the mechanism is yet to be elucidated.