Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanol/Cyclohexanone Using Sol-Gel-Encapsulated Unspecific Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita.

Unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerite (AaeUPO) is a remarkable catalyst for the oxyfunctionalization of non-activated C-H bonds under mild conditions. It exhibits comparable activity to P450 monooxygenase but offers the advantage of using HO instead of a complex electron transport chain to reductively activate O. Here, we demonstrate the successful oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone (KA-oil) using sol-gel encapsulated AaeUPO.

Enantiocomplementary Asymmetric Reduction of 2-Haloacetophenones Using SADH: Synthesis of Enantiopure 2-Halo-1-arylethanols.

Enantiopure 2-halo-1-arylethanols are essential precursors for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This study investigates the asymmetric reduction of 2-haloacetophenones and their substituted analogs to obtain their corresponding optically active 2-halo-1-arylethanols using secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from (SADH) mutants. Specifically, the ΔP84/A85G and P84S/A85G SADH mutants were evaluated for the asymmetric reduction of 2-haloacetophenones, generating their corresponding optically active halohydrins with high enantioselectivities.

Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) from Sago Starch () as a Superdisintegrant: Synthesis and Characterization.

The characteristics of sago starch exhibit remarkable resemblances to those of cassava, potato, and maize starches. This review intends to discuss and summarize the synthesis and characterization of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) from sago starch as a superdisintegrant from published journals using keywords in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). There are many methods for synthesizing sodium starch glycolate (SSG).

Corrigendum: Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene and anthracene using a microalgal-bacterial consortium.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene and anthracene using a microalgal-bacterial consortium.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that are released into the environment during activities of the petroleum industry. The bioaccumulation, carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of PAHs necessitates the bioremediation of these contaminants. However, bioremediation of PAHs has a number of limitations including the inability of a single microbe to degrade all of the PAH fraction's environmental constituents.

Benzo[A]Pyrene Biodegradation by Multiple and Individual Mesophilic Bacteria under Axenic Conditions and in Soil Samples.

To date, only a handful of bacterial strains that can independently degrade and utilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source has been isolated and characterized. Here, three new bacterial strains-JBZ1A, JBZ2B, and JBZ5E-were isolated from contaminated soil and, using 16S rRNA sequencing, were identified as , , and , respectively. The growth ability of each individual strain and a consortium of all strains in the presence of BaP (4-400 µmol·L, pH 7, 37 °C) was identified by the doubling time (dt).

Sirt3 deficiency induced down regulation of insulin degrading enzyme in comorbid Alzheimer's disease with metabolic syndrome.

SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial proteins, thereby enhancing their function. We have previously demonstrated that Sirt3 gene deletion leads to brain mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. We also reported that silencing of Sirt3 gene in APP/PS1 mice results in exacerbation of insulin resistance, neuroinflammation and β amyloid plaque deposition.

Alcohol Dehydrogenases with anti-Prelog Stereopreference in Synthesis of Enantiopure Alcohols.

Biocatalytic production of both enantiomers of optically active alcohols with high enantiopurities is of great interest in industry. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) represent an important class of enzymes that could be used as catalysts to produce optically active alcohols from their corresponding prochiral ketones. This review covers examples of the synthesis of optically active alcohols using ADHs that exhibit anti-Prelog stereopreference.

Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by halophilic bacterial strain Staphylococcus haemoliticus strain 10SBZ1A.

The exploitation of petroleum oil generates a considerable amount of "produced water or petroleum waste effluent (PWE)" that is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). PWE is characterised by its high salinity, which can be as high as 30% NaCl, thus the exploitation of biodegradation to remove PAHs necessitates the use of active halophilic microbes. The strain 10SBZ1A was isolated from oil contaminated soils, by enrichment experiment in medium containing 10% NaCl (w/v).

Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus and Thermoanaerobacter brockii as Robust Catalysts.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are an important type of enzyme that have significant applications as biocatalysts. Secondary ADHs from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus (TeSADH) and Thermoanaerobacter brockii (TbSADH) are well-known as robust catalysts. However, like most other ADHs, these enzymes suffer from their high substrate specificities (i.

Current Status of and Future Perspectives in Bacterial Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one the main pollutants belonging to the high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) class and its degradation by microorganisms remains an important strategy for its removal from the environment. Extensive studies have been carried out on the isolation and characterisation of microorganisms that can actively degrade low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs), and to a certain extent, the HMW-PAH pyrene. However, so far, limited work has been carried out on BaP biodegradation.

Review on Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest CT Images Using Artificial Intelligence.

The COVID-19 diagnostic approach is mainly divided into two broad categories, a laboratory-based and chest radiography approach. The last few months have witnessed a rapid increase in the number of studies use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to diagnose COVID-19 with chest computed tomography (CT). In this study, we review the diagnosis of COVID-19 by using chest CT toward AI.

Enzymatic racemization of alcohols and amines: An approach for bi-enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution.

Racemization is the key step to turn a kinetic resolution (KR), which suffers from the well-known drawback of being limited to a maximum yield of 50% with high enantiopurity, into a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process. Enzyme-based racemization of enantiopure alcohols and amines has gained significant interest in recent years. This review covers recent advances in enzyme-based racemization approaches and their potential applications in bi-enzymatic DKR.

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure alcohols and amines biocatalytic deracemisation methods.

Deracemisation chemo-enzymatic or multi-enzymatic approaches is the optimum substitute for kinetic resolution, which suffers from the limitation of a theoretical maximum 50% yield albeit high enantiomeric excess is attainable. This review covers the recent progress in various deracemisation approaches applied to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure alcohols and amines, such as (1) dynamic kinetic resolution, (2) cyclic deracemisation, (3) linear deracemisation (including stereoinversion) and (4) enantioconvergent methods.

Consequences of adding gum Arabic as a cryoprotectant on motility and viability of frozen stallion semen.

A trial was conducted to check effect of adding gum Arabic (GA) instead of egg yolk (EY) as a cryoprotectant for stallion sperm. Two experiments were designed; experiment I tested adding 3 levels of nonheated GA (i.e.

Mutation of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase at Trp-110 affects stereoselectivity of aromatic ketone reduction.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. We have been studying a thermostable, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+))-dependent, secondary ADH from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (TeSADH). In the current work, we expanded our library of TeSADH and adopted the site-saturation mutagenesis approach in creating a comprehensive mutant library at W110.

Racemization of enantiopure secondary alcohols by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase.

Controlled racemization of enantiopure phenyl-ring-containing secondary alcohols is achieved in this study using W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (W110A TeSADH) and in the presence of the reduced and oxidized forms of its cofactor nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. Racemization of both enantiomers of alcohols accepted by W110A TeSADH, not only with low, but also with reasonably high, enantiomeric discrimination is achieved by this method. Furthermore, the high tolerance of TeSADH to organic solvents allows TeSADH-catalyzed racemization to be conducted in media containing up to 50% (v/v) of organic solvents.

A myristoyl/phosphoserine switch controls cAMP-dependent protein kinase association to membranes.

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] mediates a myriad of cellular signaling events, and its activity is tightly regulated in both space and time. Among these regulatory mechanisms is N-myristoylation, whose biological role has been elusive. Using a combination of thermodynamics, kinetics, and spectroscopic methods, we analyzed the effects of N-myristoylation and phosphorylation at Ser10 on the interactions of PKA with model membranes.

Activity and selectivity of W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus in organic solvents and ionic liquids: mono- and biphasic media.

The asymmetric reduction of hydrophobic phenyl-ring-containing ketones and the enantiospecific kinetic resolution of the corresponding racemic alcohols catalyzed by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase were performed in mono- and biphasic systems containing either organic solvents or ionic liquids. Both yield and enantioselectivity for these transformations can be controlled by changing the reaction medium. The enzyme showed high tolerance to both water-miscible and -immiscible solvents, which allows biotransformations to be conducted at high substrate concentrations.

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of airway status after orthognathic surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether orthognathic surgical procedures create significant objective postoperative airway compromise or edema.

Study Design: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was performed on 10 patients undergoing orthognathic surgical procedure to determine the time of maximum postoperative swelling, optimum time for scanning, and the anatomical sites of maximum swelling. Anatomical landmarks within the upper airway were determined.

A Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase mutant derivative highly active and stereoselective on phenylacetone and benzylacetone.

The secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E (TeSADH) is highly thermostable and solvent-stable, and it is active on a broad range of substrates. These properties make TeSADH an excellent template to engineer an industrial catalyst for chiral chemical synthesis. (S)-1-Phenyl-2-propanol was our target product because it is a precursor to major pharmaceuticals containing secondary alcohol groups.

Asymmetric reduction and oxidation of aromatic ketones and alcohols using W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus.

An enantioselective asymmetric reduction of phenyl ring-containing prochiral ketones to yield the corresponding optically active secondary alcohols was achieved with W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (W110A TESADH) in Tris buffer using 2-propanol (30%, v/v) as cosolvent and cosubstrate. This concentration of 2-propanol was crucial not only to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic phenyl ring-containing substrates in the aqueous reaction medium, but also to shift the equilibrium in the reduction direction. The resulting alcohols have S-configuration, in agreement with Prelog's rule, in which the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor transfers its pro-R hydride to the re face of the ketone.