Thermal behaviors, combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash analysis of spent potlining for a hazardous waste management.

An unavoidable but reusable waste so as to enhance a more circular waste utilization has been spent potlining (SPL) generated by the aluminum industry. The combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash properties of SPL were characterized dynamically in response to the elevated temperature and heating rates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicated an exothermic reaction behavior probably able to meet the energy needs of various industrial applications.

CO-assisted co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and hyperaccumulator biomass: Dynamic and comparative analyses of evolved gases, bio-oils, biochars, and reaction mechanisms.

The CO-activated co-pyrolysis technology presents promising potential to mitigate the environmental pollution and climate change. The dynamic analyses of evolved syngas, bio-oils, biochars, interaction effects, and reaction mechanisms of the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and Pteris vittata (PV) (hyperaccumulator biomass) were characterized and quantified comparatively in the three atmospheres. In the CO-assisted atmosphere, the gasification of PV began to prevail between 600 and 900 °C, while in the N atmosphere, PV and TDS were stable at 750 °C.

Dynamic pyrolysis behaviors, products, and mechanisms of waste rubber and polyurethane bicycle tires.

Given their non-biodegradable, space-consuming, and environmentally more benign nature, waste bicycle tires may be pyrolyzed for cleaner energies relative to the waste truck, car, and motorcycle tires. This study combined thermogravimetry (TG), TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses to dynamically characterize the pyrolysis behavior, gaseous products, and reaction mechanisms of both waste rubber (RT) and polyurethane tires (PUT) of bicycles. The main devolatilization process included the decompositions of the natural, styrene-butadiene, and butadiene rubbers for RT and of urethane groups in the hard segments, polyols in the soft segments, and regenerated isocyanates for PUT.

Pyrolysis dynamics of two medical plastic wastes: Drivers, behaviors, evolved gases, reaction mechanisms, and pathways.

The public has started to increasingly scrutinize the proper disposal and treatment of rapidly growing medical wastes, in particular, given the COVID-19 pandemic, raised awareness, and the advances in the health sector. This research aimed to characterize pyrolysis drivers, behaviors, products, reaction mechanisms, and pathways via TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB), conversion degree, degradation stage, and the four heating rates (5,10, 20, and 40 °C/min). SY and MB pyrolysis ranged from 394.

Synergistic effects, gaseous products, and evolutions of NO precursors during (co-)pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and bamboo residues.

This study aimed to investigate the synergistic influences of the textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and bamboo residues (BR) co-pyrolysis, and its effects on the formation mechanisms of NH and HCN. The mass loss rate was lower for TDS than BR, with the co-pyrolysis with 50% BR exerting the strongest synergistic effect. The pyrolysis stages 1 (< 400 °C) and 2 (400-800 °C) were best described using the diffusion and third-order reaction mechanisms, respectively.

Comparative (co-)pyrolytic performances and by-products of textile dyeing sludge and cattle manure: Deeper insights from Py-GC/MS, TG-FTIR, 2D-COS and PCA analyses.

Not only does pyrolysis recover energy and value-added by-products but also reduces waste stream volume. The low volatiles and high ash contents of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) limit its mono-pyrolysis performance. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of its co-pyrolytic performance with cattle manure (CM).

Combustion parameters, evolved gases, reaction mechanisms, and ash mineral behaviors of durian shells: A comprehensive characterization and joint-optimization.

In this work, the characteristic parameters, evolved gases, reaction mechanisms, and ash conversions of the durian shell (DS) combustion were quantified coupling thermogravimetry, mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectra analyses. The main stage of the DS combustion occurred between 130.2 and 481.

Thermal behaviors of fluorine during (co-)incinerations of spent potlining and red mud: Transformation, retention, leaching and thermodynamic modeling analyses.

Spent potlining (SPL) as a hazardous solid waste has a high content of inorganic fluorine. This study aimed at characterizing its transformation, retention and leaching behaviors with(out) the addition of red mud (RM) during the SPL incineration. The RM addition positively affected its retention and leaching rates.

Combustions of torrefaction-pretreated bamboo forest residues: Physicochemical properties, evolved gases, and kinetic mechanisms.

Unlike light torrefaction at 200 °C (B200), the mild (250 °C) and severe (300 °C) torrefaction pretreatments (B250 and B300) significantly increased the calorific value, reduced the oxygen content and improved the surface morphology for bamboo residues (BR). The main oxygen-removing carriers of BR during torrefaction were CO and carbonyl compounds. Their torrefaction delayed the start and burnout temperatures of the BR combustions, increased CO emission and decreased NH and NO emissions significantly.

Catalytic combustion performances, kinetics, reaction mechanisms and gas emissions of Lentinus edodes.

This study aimed to quantify the catalytic effects of CaO, FeO, and their blend on the Lentinus edodes stipe (LES) and pileus (LEP) combustion performances, kinetics and emissions in bioenergy generation. Apparent activation energy (E) of LES and LEP increased with CaO, decreased with FeO and differed with their blend. The catalysts mainly affected the maximum intensity of volatiles combustion and partly the fixed carbon combustion.

Parametric assessment of stochastic variability in co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and shaddock peel.

This study aimed at quantification of co-combustion behaviors and kinetic parameters of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and shaddock peel (SP) in response to blend ratio, heating rate, and temperature. The experimental responses of mass loss (ML) and mass loss rate (MLR) measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer were also estimated using the best-fit multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) models. The independent validations of the models led to high coefficients of determination of 99.

Removal, potential reaction pathways, and overall cost analysis of various pollution parameters and toxic odor compounds from the effluents of turkey processing plant using TiO-assisted UV/O process.

In the present study, removal of hazardous toxic odor compounds with color, COD and turbidity were concurrently investigated for the effluents of a turkey processing plant located in Bolu, Turkey. A hybrid TiO-assisted photo-ozonation (UV/TiO/O) process was set to address this issue. Subsequently, a comprehensive GC/MS method was developed for quantification of odor compounds.

Combustion behaviors of pileus and stipe parts of Lentinus edodes using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses: Thermal conversion, kinetic, thermodynamic, gas emission and optimization analyses.

The combustion behaviors of both Lentinula edodes pileus (LEP) and stipe (LES) were characterized in response to four heating rates in the air atmosphere using thermogravimetric (TG)-mass spectrometry and TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. There were two and three main peaks of the derivative TG curves for LEP and LES, respectively, with their main combustion stage occurring between 130 and 620 °C. Four iso-conversional models were compared to estimate activation energy values of their combustions.

Investigation of thermal conversion characteristics and performance evaluation of co-combustion of pine sawdust and lignite coal using TGA, artificial neural network modeling and likelihood method.

(Co-)combustion of pine sawdust (PS) and lignite coal (LC) were investigated using artificial neural networks (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and Monte Carlo simulation (MC) as a function of blend ratio, heating rate, and temperature via thermal conversion characteristics. The order of degraded compounds in terms of hemi-cellulosic and lignin-based compounds demonstrated the main oxidation and degradation mechanism of co-combustion of PS and LC. The best prediction (R of 99.

Thermogravimetric and mass-spectrometric analyses of combustion of spent potlining under N/O and CO/O atmospheres.

Thermal decomposition and gaseous evolution of the spent potlining (SPL) combustion were quantified using thermogravimetric and mass-spectrometric analyses in CO/O and N/O atmospheres using three heating rates (15, 20 and 25 °C/min). The thermal decomposition of SPL occurred mainly between 450 and 800 °C. Based on the four kinetic methods of Friedman, Starink, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa under the various conversion degrees (α) from 0.

Kinetics, thermodynamics, gas evolution and empirical optimization of (co-)combustion performances of spent mushroom substrate and textile dyeing sludge.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) were (co-)combusted in changing heating rates, blend ratios and temperature. The increased blend ratio improved the ignition, burnout and comprehensive combustion indices. A comparison of theoretical and experimental thermogravimetric curves pointed to significant interactions between 350 and 600 °C.

Thermodynamic equilibrium predictions of zinc volatilization, migration, and transformation during sludge co-incineration.

The effects of interactions between and among chlorine (Cl), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and minerals on migration, transformation, and volatilization of zinc (Zn) were numerically simulated in sludge co-incineration using the chemical thermodynamic equilibrium method. Our results showed that all the minerals of Fe O , Al O , Fe O , and TiO except for CaO in the sludge co-incineration system reacted with Zn which inhibited the Zn volatilization. The presence of S and P was beneficial to the formation of ZnSO (s) and Zn (PO ) (s).

Characterizing and optimizing (co-)pyrolysis as a function of different feedstocks, atmospheres, blend ratios, and heating rates.

(Co-)pyrolysis behaviors were quantified using TG and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two fuels of sewage sludge (SS) and water hyacinth (WH), five atmospheres, six blend ratios, and three heating rates. Co-pyrolysis performance, gaseous characterizations and optimization analyses were conducted. Relative to N atmosphere, co-pyrolysis was inhibited at low temperatures in CO atmosphere, while the CO atmosphere at high temperatures promoted the vaporization of coke.

(Co-)combustion of additives, water hyacinth and sewage sludge: Thermogravimetric, kinetic, gas and thermodynamic modeling analyses.

Additives and biomass were co-combusted with sewage sludge (SS) to promote SS incineration treatment and energy generation. (Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), water hyacinth (WH), and 5% five additives (KCO, NaCO, MgCO MgO and AlO) were quantified and compared using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) and numerical analyses. The combustion performance of SS declined slightly with the additives which was demonstrated by the 0.

Thermal degradations and processes of waste tea and tea leaves via TG-FTIR: Combustion performances, kinetics, thermodynamics, products and optimization.

The present study characterized the kinetic, thermodynamic and performance parameters, products, factorial interactions, and optimal conditions of combustions of waste tea (WT) and tea leaves (TL) in N/O and CO/O atmospheres through a thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The main combustion occurred in the range of 200-600 °C. The increased heating rate increased all the combustion parameters regardless of the fuel and atmosphere type.

Combustion behaviors of spent mushroom substrate using TG-MS and TG-FTIR: Thermal conversion, kinetic, thermodynamic and emission analyses.

The present study systematically investigated the combustion characteristics of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) using TG-MS (thermogravimetric/mass spectrometry) and TG-FTIR (thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) under five heating rates. The physicochemical characteristics and combustion index pointed to SMS as a promising biofuel for power generation. The high correlation coefficient of the fitting plots and similar activation energy calculated by various methods indicated that four suitable iso-conversional methods were used.

Comparative thermogravimetric analyses of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse in carbon dioxide/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres: Thermal conversion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics.

Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis in CO/O and N/O atmospheres. Our results showed that the comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI) of the blends was improved by 1.71-4.

Co-combustion of sewage sludge and coffee grounds under increased O/CO atmospheres: Thermodynamic characteristics, kinetics and artificial neural network modeling.

(Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), coffee grounds (CG) and their blends were quantified under increased O/CO atmosphere (21, 30, 40 and 60%) using a thermogravimetric analysis. Observed percentages of CG mass loss and its maximum were higher than those of SS. Under the same atmospheric O concentration, both higher ignition and lower burnout temperatures occurred with the increased CG content.

Influence of catalysts on co-combustion of sewage sludge and water hyacinth blends as determined by TG-MS analysis.

Effects of the three metal carbonates (KCO, NaCO, and MgCO) were quantified on catalytic co-combustion of the sewage sludge and water hyacinth (SW) blend using a thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis and kinetics modeling. The main dominating steps of the catalysts were the organic volatile matter release and combustion stage. Weighted mean values of activation energy (E) were estimated at 181.

Uncertainty estimation by Bayesian approach in thermochemical conversion of walnut hull and lignite coal blends.

The main purpose of the present study was to incorporate the uncertainties in the thermal behavior of walnut hull (WH), lignite coal, and their various blends using Bayesian approach. First of all, thermal behavior of related materials were investigated under different temperatures, blend ratios, and heating rates. Results of ultimate and proximate analyses showed the main steps of oxidation mechanism of (co-)combustion process.