Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A rare presentation requiring a broad differential in nephrotic syndrome.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) presents with renal failure and proteinuria in a minority of cases, usually due to secondary amyloidosis or IgA nephropathy. While focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is less common, it should still be in the differential regardless of the patient's clinical profile.

Diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis in a hospital setting.

Context: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an endocrine emergency that can occur in people with diabetes. Its incidence is estimated to be 220,340 hospital admissions each year. Treatment algorithms include fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) insulin infusion, and scheduled electrolyte and glucose monitoring.

A New Skin Manifestation at the Site of a Previously Healed Dermatosis: A Case of Wolf's Isotopic Response.

Wolf's isotopic response (WIR) is an uncommon phenomenon that refers to the occurrence of a new skin condition at the location of a previously healed dermatosis. We describe an unusual manifestation of bacterial furunculosis which arose as an isotopic response following a herpes zoster episode. The initial skin disease in most cases is herpes zoster and the isotopic response is a granulomatous reaction.