Life course reproductive dynamics associated with menopause in Ugandan women aged 40-49.

Background: Early menopausal onset can increase adverse health outcomes in later life; meanwhile, reproductive experiences before menopause may affect its timing. Framed by life course methodology, the study tested for independent and interdependent associations between reproductive history (contraception, age at first birth, parity, terminated pregnancy) and socioeconomic factors (education, wealth, rural-urban residence, cigarette use, marital status, age at first cohabitation) with the occurrence of early menopause.

Methods: The study population was ever-married women aged 40-49 from the 2016 Demographic & Health Survey (N = 2748).

A case study comparison of engaging community activists to prevent gender-based violence in Peru and Rwanda.

Community mobilisation is recognised as an important strategy to shift inequitable gender norms and ensure an enabling environment to prevent gender-based violence (GBV). Yet there is a need to better understand the factors that facilitate effective community activism in particular contexts. Although fundamental to the success of mobilisation programmes, there is also limited appreciation of the experiences and agency of engaged community activists.