Puberty Blocker and Aging Impact on Testicular Cell States and Function.

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) acquisition of meiotogenetic state during puberty to produce genetically diverse gametes is blocked by drugs collectively referred as 'puberty blocker' (PB). Investigating the impact of PB on juvenile SSC state and function is challenging due to limited tissue access and clinical data. Herein, we report largest clinically annotated juvenile testicular biorepository with all children with gender dysphoria on chronic PB treatment highlighting shift in pediatric patient demography in US.

Photocatalyst-free visible-light triggered amination of benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole: direct C-N bond formation from C(sp)-H bond.

The photoredox amination of arene protocols mostly comprises photocatalyst-mediated transformations. Herein, we presented the photocatalyst-free, visible-light promoted, direct conversion of C(sp)-H to C(sp)-N method. Multipurpose benzothiadiazoles are used as model synthons and secondary amines as aminating agents.

Synthesis of dithioacetals gold-catalysed hydrothiolation of vinyl sulfides.

The synthesis of unsymmetrical dithioacetals based on gold catalysis is described. Although many approaches to the preparation of symmetrical dithioacetals have been developed, the methods to access unsymmetrical ones remain limited. In this regard, we report a mild synthetic method with a broad substrate scope.

Tandem aza-Michael addition-vinylogous aldol condensation: synthesis of -bridged pyridine fused quinolones.

Herein, we present a tandem aza-Michael addition-vinylogous aldol condensation strategy for the synthesis of -bridged pyridine fused quinolone derivatives from quinolones and ynones. The presented tandem transformation features the construction of C-N and CC bonds in a single operation, under transition metal-free conditions. The wide substrate scope and gram scale synthesis of pyridine fused quinolone derivatives expand the synthetic value of the presented protocol.

Lead-halides Perovskite Visible Light Photoredox Catalysts for Organic Synthesis.

Lead-halide perovskites has grabbed great attention in recent years due to its unique photophysical and electrical properties. It has open new window in organic solar cell application for commercial point. Research has extended its application further towards visible light photoredox catalysts for organic synthesis.

The base-free van Leusen reaction of cyclic imines on water: synthesis of N-fused imidazo 6,11-dihydro β-carboline derivatives.

Construction of imidazoles has been demonstrated on water under base-free conditions. The reaction of dihydro β-carboline imines and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanides furnished the corresponding substituted N-fused imidazo 6,11-dihydro β-carboline derivatives in very good yields under ambient conditions. The use of deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent enabled the incorporation of deuterium isotopes in the imidazole ring.

Tandem Aza Michael Addition-Vinylogous Nitroaldol Condensation: Construction of Highly Substituted N-Fused 3-Nitropyrazolopyridines.

A base-mediated tandem aza-Michael addition-vinylogous nitroaldol condensation has been described between 3,5-dialkyl 4-nitropyrazoles and alkynyl ketones/aldehydes. This transition metal-free atom economical transformation occurred via C-N and C═C bond formations in one step with the elimination of water. The construction of a variety of highly substituted N-fused 3-nitropyrazolopyridine derivatives has been demonstrated with good yields.

Ruthenium Phosphine-Pyridone Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alcohols To form α-Alkylated Ketones.

An efficient and green route to access diverse functionalized ketones via dehydrogenative-dehydrative cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols is demonstrated. Selective and tunable formation of ketones or alcohols is catalyzed by a recently developed proton responsive ruthenium phosphine-pyridone complex. Light alcohols such as ethanol could be used as alkylating agents in this methodology.

Ruthenium catalyzed β-C(sp)-H functionalization on the 'privileged' piperazine nucleus.

β-C(sp)-H functionalization on the 'privileged' piperazine nucleus has been disclosed using ruthenium catalysis. The ruthenium catalyzed synthesis of a variety of piperazine fused indoles from ortho-piperazinyl (hetero)aryl aldehydes is presented. This transformation takes place via the dehydrogenation of piperazine followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the transient enamine moiety onto the carbonyl group and aromatization cascade.