Reliability of mpMRI in diagnosing cancer prostate following intravesical BCG for bladder cancer.

Background: Detecting carcinoma prostate (CaP) after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) poses diagnostic challenges. Granulomatous prostatitis (GP) has an incidence of 0.8%-3.

A comparative study of survival outcomes between partial and radical cystectomy in octogenarians with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical cystectomy (RC) is the preferred first-line treatment for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Due to the concern about morbidity associated with RC, the elderly population considers bladder preservation alternatives. Guidelines suggest partial cystectomy (PC) can be considered a viable option in carefully selected individuals.

Cytologic diagnosis of papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity.

Background: Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity is a recently recognized low-grade neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. To date, its cytologic features have not been well documented.

Methods: Two patients with papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity sampled by fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are described, one of whom is under active surveillance without clinical progression and the other is alive and well 16 years after partial nephrectomy.

Pathological response and survival outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical cystectomy in octogenarians for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an observational database study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with radical cystectomy (RC) is the preferred first-line treatment for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In recent years, octogenarians have been undergoing RC uneventfully, but studies showed older adults receive NAC less often. We studied the utilization and effect of RC with or without NAC in octogenarians and compared survival outcomes between responders and non-responders.

Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer screening following the 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Objective: In 2018, the United States Preventive Services Task Force promoted shared decision making between healthcare provider and patient for men aged 55 to 69. This study aimed to analyze rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing across racial and ethnic groups following this new recommendation.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of the 2020-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System database to assess men aged 55 or older without a history of prostate cancer.

Irreversible electroporation as a focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: A systematic review.

Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new and promising focal therapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In this systematic review, we summarize the literature on IRE for prostate cancer published over the last decade.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched with the end date of May 2023 to find relevant publications on prostate cancer ablation using IRE.

Propensity score matched survival analysis of octogenarians with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: chemoradiation compared to radical cystectomy.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is an effective curative treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, chemoradiation (CRT) is an evolving bladder preservation protocol alternative to RC. With the increase in life expectancy, it is essential to understand the survival outcomes among octogenarians treated with RC and CRT.

Surgeon administered transversus abdominis plane block: anatomic principles and technique.

The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is a regional abdominal wall block that has been effectively used as an adjunct to alleviate postoperative pain. The ultrasound-guided TAP (USTAP) administered by anesthesiologists is the gold standard and has been effective for surgeries involving abdominal wall incisions. Recently, the TAP block has been administered by surgeons with the help of direct visualization during minimally invasive surgery.

A Novel Splice Variant of HYAL-4 Drives Malignant Transformation and Predicts Outcome in Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Poor prognosis of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer that often metastasizes drives the need for discovery of molecular determinants of bladder cancer progression. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including CD44, regulate cancer progression; however, the identity of a chondroitinase (Chase) that cleaves chondroitin sulfate from proteoglycans is unknown. HYAL-4 is an understudied gene suspected to encode a Chase, with no known biological function.

Clinical Utility of a Genomic Classifier in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: The PRO-IMPACT Trial.

Purpose: The optimal management of men with prostate cancer at high risk of recurrence postradical prostatectomy is controversial. The clinical utility of the Decipher test was evaluated prospectively on postoperative treatment decisions and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods And Materials: In the study, 246 eligible men across 19 centers were enrolled.

Surgical Management of Organ-Confined Prostate Cancer with Review of Literature and Evolving Evidence.

Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ malignancy in men in the USA with an annual incidence of 105 and an annual mortality rate of 19 per 100,000 people. With the advent of PSA screening, the majority of prostate cancer diagnosed is organ confined. Recent studies including the SPCG-4 and PIVOT trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for those undergoing active treatment for localized prostate cancer.

Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Three-MicroRNA Prognostic Signature.

Aberrantly expressed miRNAs promote renal cell carcinoma (RCC) growth and metastasis and are potentially useful biomarkers for metastatic disease. However, a consensus clinically significant miRNA signature has not been identified. To identify an miRNA signature for predicting clinical outcome in RCC patients, we used a four-pronged interconnected approach.

Hyaluronic acid family in bladder cancer: potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Background: Molecular markers of clinical outcome may aid in designing targeted treatments for bladder cancer. However, only a few bladder cancer biomarkers have been examined as therapeutic targets.

Methods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and bladder specimens were evaluated to determine the biomarker potential of the hyaluronic acid (HA) family of molecules - HA synthases, HA receptors and hyaluronidase.

Decipher test impacts decision making among patients considering adjuvant and salvage treatment after radical prostatectomy: Interim results from the Multicenter Prospective PRO-IMPACT study.

Background: Patients with prostate cancer and their providers face uncertainty as they consider adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) or salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after undergoing radical prostatectomy. The authors prospectively evaluated the impact of the Decipher test, which predicts metastasis risk after radical prostatectomy, on decision making for ART and SRT.

Methods: A total of 150 patients who were considering ART and 115 who were considering SRT were enrolled.

Predictive models and risk of biopsy progression in active surveillance patients.

Objective: To analyze the performance of different radical prostatectomy-based prognostic tools in predicting the biopsy progression in our active surveillance cohort.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 326 patients with biopsy Gleason grade≤6,≤2 positive biopsy cores,≤20% tumor present in any core, prostate-specific antigen<15ng/dl, and clinical stages T1-T2a all of whom had at least single surveillance biopsy. Probabilities of pathologically relatively aggressive disease were estimated using Partin and Dinh risk tables and Kattan, Truong, and Kulkarni nomograms for each individual patient.

Is It Time to Revisit the Role of Prostate-specific Antigen Kinetics in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer?

Objective: To identify factors that are not available at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis and are associated with the risk of biopsy progression in active surveillance (AS) patients.

Materials And Methods: The study included 314 AS patients who had at least 1 repeat biopsy. We used logistic regression to analyze the association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its derivatives, including PSA density, PSA velocity (PSAV) and doubling time (PSADT); presence of bilateral disease and number of previous successive negative surveillance biopsies; and the risk of progression on the surveillance biopsies first through fourth.

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with the Da Vinci Xi.

Purpose. The surgical expertise to perform robotic partial nephrectomy is heavily dependent on technology. The Da Vinci Xi (XI) is the latest robotic surgical platform with significant advancements compared to its predecessor.

Prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen kinetics and the risk of biopsy progression in active surveillance patients.

Objective: To analyze the association between prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen kinetics and the risk of biopsy progression in prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, and to study the effect of prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen values on the predictive performance of prostate-specific antigen velocity and prostate-specific antigen doubling time.

Methods: The study included 137 active surveillance patients with two or more prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen levels measured over a period of at least 3 months. Two sets of analyses were carried out.

Epigenetics application in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the Western world. Patients with bladder cancer require close monitoring, which may include frequent cystoscopy and urine cytology. Such monitoring results in significant health care cost.

The role of epigenetics in kidney malignancies.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are collectively the third most common type of genitourinary neoplasms, surpassed only by prostate and bladder cancer. Cure rates for renal cell carcinoma are related to tumor grade and stage; therefore, diagnostic methods for early detection and new therapeutic modalities are of paramount importance. Epigenetics can be defined as inherited modifications in gene expression that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself.

Operative technique and early experience for robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (RALNU) using da Vinci Xi.

Purpose: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (RALNU) has been previously utilized for management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The da Vinci Xi surgical system was released in April of 2014. We describe our operative technique and early experience for RALNU using the da Vinci Xi system highlighting unique features of this surgical platform.

Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients With T2b/T3 Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is currently underused. However, the outcomes for MIBC have remained suboptimal. We investigated the relationship of NART to cause-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) among patients with a diagnosis of MIBC.

Prognostic significance of cystoscopy findings following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Introduction: To evaluate the potential significance of cystoscopy findings following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) as prognostic indicator in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials And Methods: Patients who received NAC prior to radical cystectomy for MIBC were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to cystoscopy performed after two cycles of NAC: responders and non-responders.

Resolution of hypercalcemia of malignancy following radical cystectomy in a patient with paraneoplastic syndrome associated with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common finding associated with different types of cancers; however, its association with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is rare. We report a case of a 69-year-old male with nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who developed hypercalcemia that failed to respond to medical management, but resolved completely after undergoing resection of the tumor through radical cystectomy.

Pelvic lipomatosis: Bladder sparing extirpation of pelvic mass to relieve bladder storage dysfunction symptoms and pelvic pain.

Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare benign disease, associated with overgrowth of fat in the perivesical and perirectal area. It is of unknown etiology. We describe a 45-year-old male with pelvic lipomatosis causing bladder storage dysfunction symptoms and pelvic pain that affected his quality of life.