Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Osteoarthritis: The Potential of Polyphenols as Therapeutic Agents.

The complex nature of osteoarthritis (OA), driven by the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, necessitates the development of a single treatment method, which is highly challenging. The long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids often leads to adverse side effects like kidney damage and stomach ulcers. Major health threats like obesity and aging create a milieu of chronic low-grade inflammation and increased mechanical stress on the joints resulting in cartilage deterioration.