Congenital bilio-bronchial fistula in an adult: a review of literature and video demonstration of laparoscopic fistula tract excision.

This article presents a review of the literature on congenital bilio-bronchial fistula (BBF), a rare anomaly characterized by abnormal communication between the bile duct and respiratory tract. Congenital BBF often presents with bilioptysis in early neonates and infants; however, patients with no overt symptoms may occasionally present in adulthood. Our literature search in Medline from 1850 to 2023 revealed 42 reported cases of congenital BBF, primarily managed with thoracotomy and excision of the fistula tract.

Indocyanine green fluorescence in gastrointestinal surgery: Appraisal of current evidence.

Applying indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in surgery has created a new dimension of navigation surgery to advance in various disciplines. The research in this field is nascent and fragmented, necessitating academic efforts to gain a comprehensive understanding. The present review aims to integrate diverse perspectives and recent advances in its application in gastrointestinal surgery.

New analytical models to investigate thermal conductivity of nanofluids.

Nanofluids are identified suitable for micro and nano scale heat transfer applications where a high heat flux is required. These fluids are still in their early developmental stage and the exact heat transfer mechanism in them is not known yet. Due to this situation, there exists no suitable theoretical model for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluid.