Controlled Dissolution of Griseofulvin Solid Dispersions from Electrosprayed Enteric Polymer Micromatrix Particles: Physicochemical Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation.

The oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug is often inadequate for the desired therapeutic effect. The bioavailability can be improved by enhancing the physicochemical properties of the drug (e.g.

Solid state transformations in consequence of electrospraying--a novel polymorphic form of piroxicam.

The aim of the research was to verify that electrospraying of piroxicam yielded a new polymorphic form of this drug. In the experiments, piroxicam was dissolved in chloroform and the solution was atomised electrostatically. Subsequently, the charged droplets were neutralised and dried.

Processing of pharmaceutical materials by electrospraying under reduced pressure.

Context: Electrospraying was used in drug particle production.

Objective: The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibilities to produce drug particles with desired pharmaceutical properties by electrospraying. In particular, the effect of drying pressure on particle properties was studied.

Rapid formulation screening with a Multipart Microscale Fluid bed Powder processor.

The aim of this study was to investigate early formulation screening in small scale with a miniaturized fluid bed device. Altogether eight different batches were granulated in a Multipart Microscale Fluid bed Powder processor (MMFP) with constant process conditions using electrostatic atomization. Atomization voltage and granulation liquid flow rate were kept constant.

Xenobiotic metabolism of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) exposed to PCDDs.

Previous studies in bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and field vole (Microtus agrestis) living at the old sawmill area contaminated by chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) showed that these two relatively close species have a significant difference in their body burden of PCDD/Fs, bank voles having significantly higher concentrations. The aim of this study was to clarify more comprehensively the basic xenobiotic metabolism in wild bank voles and examine whether PCDD exposure would affect xenobiotic metabolism in bank voles more generally. The activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes was studied by fluorometric analyzes as well as by the aid of an earlier developed N-in-one CYP-selective activity cocktail, and immunoblotting assay.

Microscale granulation in a fluid bed powder processor using electrostatic atomisation.

The aim of this study was to use the electrostatic atomisation in miniaturised fluid bed granulation process and define the effect of process parameters. The process parameters included in the study were granulation liquid flow rate, atomisation voltage and binder concentration in the granulation liquid. Altogether 22 batches were granulated in Multichamber Microscale Fluid bed powder Processor (MMFP).

Dioxin exposure in contaminated sawmill area: the use of molar teeth and bone of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and field vole (Microtus agrestis) as biomarkers.

Developmental disorders of teeth are among the most sensitive targets of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan (PCDD/F) exposure. In rats, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) reduces dose-dependently the size of molars, most severely the third lower molars. Dioxins also have effects on developing bone, including altered bone mineral density as well as reduced bending breaking force and stiffness.

Modifying drug release and tablet properties of starch acetate tablets by dry powder agglomeration.

In this study three model drugs (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), anhydrous caffeine, and propranolol hydrochloride) were agglomerated with starch acetate (SA) by mixing the binary powders on a stainless steel (SS) plate. Agglomeration was induced by triboelectrification of the particles during mixing, and it was evaluated as a method to achieve controlled drug release rate. These agglomerates, mixed with different amounts of a disintegrant, were compressed into tablets whose dissolution characteristics were determined.

The effect of perinatal TCDD exposure on caries susceptibility in rats.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the model compound of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, is a potent toxicant with the ability to hamper development. Accidental exposure to TCDD has been linked with various developmental dental aberrations in humans, and experimentally it has been shown that TCDD causes, among other defects, hypomineralization of dental hard tissues in rodents. Here, we studied the effect of very low perinatal TCDD exposure on dental caries susceptibility and mineral composition of tooth enamel in rats.

Effect of particle morphology on the triboelectrification in dry powder inhalers.

Electrostatic charge of lactoses of different particle morphology and amorphous contents were measured during actuation from two different dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Triboelectric studies may give important information when new inhaler devices, materials and formulations are designed in order to improve the drug deposition. Two inhalers, Taifun (Focus Inhalation Oy, Finland) and Clickhaler (Innovata Biomed Ltd.

Effect of detergent on powder triboelectrification.

Triboelectrification of pharmaceutical powders during processing and manufacture may cause adhesion/cohesion effects, reduce fill and dose uniformity, affect powder flow and packing behaviour and even obstruct the manufacturing of the product. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the triboelectrification of microcrystalline cellulose in contact with stainless steel pipes washed with several different detergents. Detergents and their concentrations were chosen to be similar to typical industrial manufacturing stages.