Interplay of natural and anthropogenic inputs on the groundwater contamination of Beenaganj-Chachura block.

The present research work investigates the impact of natural and anthropogenic inputs on the chemistry and quality of the groundwater in the Beenaganj-Chachura block of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 50 groundwater samples were examined for nitrates, fluoride, chlorides, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, pH, total hardness, and conductivity, and their impact on entropy-weighted water quality index and pollution index of groundwater (PIG) was investigated via the response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design. According to analytical findings, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO, and NO exceed the desired limit and permitted limit set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with human coronavirus OC43 in a patient with underlying lung disease: A case report.

Co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 remain relatively rare and there is limited published data on the consequences of these events. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus OC43 who had a severe infection resulting in prolonged hospitalization. Consideration of co-infections should be considered in high-risk patients.

Development of deforestation and land cover database for Bhutan (1930-2014).

Bhutan is a mountainous country located in the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. This study has quantified the total area under land cover types, estimated the rate of forest cover change, analyzed the changes across forest types, and modeled forest cover change hotpots in Bhutan. The topographical maps and satellite remote sensing images were analyzed to get the spatial patterns of forest and associated land cover changes over the past eight decades (1930-1977-1987-1995-2005-2014).

A look at the potential association between PICOT framing of a research question and the quality of reporting of analgesia RCTs.

Background: Methodologists have proposed the formation of a good research question to initiate the process of developing a research protocol that will guide the design, conduct and analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and help improve the quality of reporting such studies. Five constituents of a good research question based on the PICOT framing include: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time-frame of outcome assessment. The aim of this study was to analyze if the presence a structured research question, in PICOT format, in RCTs used within a 2010 meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of femoral nerve blocks after total knee arthroplasty, is independently associated with improved quality of reporting.

Synthesis of privileged scaffolds by using diversity-oriented synthesis.

An elegant reagent-controlled strategy has been developed for the generation of a diverse range of biologically active scaffolds from a chiral bicyclic lactam. Reduction of the chiral lactam with LAH or alkylation with LHMDS to trigger different cyclization reactions have been shown to generate privileged scaffolds, such as pyrrolidines, indolines, and cyclotryptamines. Their amenability to substitution allows us to create various compound libraries by using these scaffolds.

Synthesis, structure activity relationship and mode of action of 3-substitutedphenyl-1-(2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-6-yl)-propenones as novel anticancer agents in human leukaemia HL-60 cells.

A novel class of 3-substitutedphenyl-1-(2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-6-yl)-propenones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the human cancer cell lines of diverse origin. Structure activity relationship was elucidated with various substitutions on the benzene ring and these variations significantly affected the potency. Most of the twelve tested compounds inhibited the growth of aggressive cancer cell lines.

Development and Validation of a Rapid RP-UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Bambuterol Hydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium from Tablets.

A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective analytical method was developed by using reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic technique for the simultaneous estimation of bambuterol hydrochloride and montelukast sodium in combined tablet dosage form. The developed method is superior in technology to conventional high performance liquid chromatography with respect to speed, resolution, solvent consumption, time, and cost of analysis. Elution time for the separation was 6 min and ultra violet detection was carried out at 210 nm.

Diminutive effect on T and B-cell proliferation of non-cytotoxic α-santonin derived 1,2,3-triazoles: a report.

α-Santonin derived new series of 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized through Azide-Alkyne Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between substituted aryl azide and a propargylated α-desmotrosantonin were bio-evaluated for their diminutive effect on ConA induced T-cell and LPS induced B-cell proliferation. Interestingly, most of the synthesized compounds showed better immunosuppressant activity than α-santonin. Triazole derivatives 9, 10, 17, 18, 29, and 30 displayed significant diminutive effect on cell proliferation.

Association of Estrogen Receptor-α Gene & Metallothionein-1 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Women of Andhra Pradesh.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Estrogen plays an important role in type 2 DM pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor (ESR1), including the XbaI and PvuII restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1,which may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.

Here in, we report the usage of cellulose sulfuric acid as a heterogeneous eco friendly catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4 dihydropyridines under solvent free conditions via Hantzsch three component reaction of an aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate at 100 °C for 2-5 h. In silico studies were performed on twenty two possible 1,4 dihydropyridines (DHPs) analogues against K(+) channel receptor (KcsA). In order to validate in silico studies, thirteen compounds were synthesized and evaluated as antibacterials against twenty seven ESBL isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

Reagent-based DOS: developing a diastereoselective methodology to access spirocyclic- and fused heterocyclic ring systems.

Herein, we report a diversity-oriented-synthesis (DOS) approach for the synthesis of biologically relevant molecular scaffolds. Our methodology enables the facile synthesis of fused N-heterocycles, spirooxoindolones, tetrahydroquinolines, and fused N-heterocycles. The two-step sequence starts with a chiral-bicyclic-lactam-directed enolate-addition/substitution step.

The quality of reporting of RCTs used within a postoperative pain management meta-analysis, using the CONSORT statement.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are routinely used in systematic reviews and meta-analyses that help inform healthcare and policy decision making. The proper reporting of RCTs is important because it acts as a proxy for health care providers and researchers to appraise the quality of the methodology, conduct and analysis of an RCT. The aims of this study are to analyse the overall quality of reporting in 23 RCTs that were used in a meta-analysis by assessing 3 key methodological items, and to determine factors associated with high quality of reporting.

A New Rapid and Sensitive Stability-Indicating UPLC Assay Method for Tolterodine Tartrate: Application in Pharmaceuticals, Human Plasma and Urine Samples.

A new rapid, simple, sensitive, selective and accurate reversed-phase stability-indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) technique was developed for the assay of Tolterodine Tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage form, human plasma and urine samples. The developed UPLC method is superior in technology to conventional HPLC with respect to speed, solvent consumption, resolution and cost of analysis. Chromatographic run time was 6 min in reversed-phase mode and ultraviolet detection was carried out at 220 nm for quantification.

A new antifungal briarane diterpenoid from the gorgonian Junceella juncea Pallas.

A new 8-hydroxy briarane diterpenoid (compound 1) with antifungal activity was isolated along with known compounds (2-5) from the gorgonian coral Junceellajuncea. On the basis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, MS), the structure of the compound 1 was established as (1S,2S,8S,9S,10S,11R,12R,14S,17R)-11,20-epoxy-14-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2,9,12-triacetoxy-8-hydroxybriar-5(16)-en-18,7-olide. Compound 1 exhibited significant activity against fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Penicillium notatum) but the other compounds (2-5) did not exhibit the activity against fungi.

Enantioselective synthesis of spirooxoindoles via chiral auxiliary (bicyclic lactam) controlled SNAr reactions.

A highly efficient enantioselective S(N)Ar reaction of chiral acyl bicyclic lactam with substituted-2,4-dinitrobenzenes was developed, affording products containing quarternary stereogenic centers. They are further utilized towards an enantioselective synthesis of spirooxoindoles.

Femoral nerve block improves analgesia outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Femoral nerve blockade (FNB) is a common method of analgesia for postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty. We conducted a systematic review to compare the analgesia outcomes in randomized controlled trials that compared FNB (with and without sciatic nerve block) with epidural and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

Methods: We identified 23 randomized controlled trials that compared FNB with PCA or epidural analgesia.

Key issues and barriers to obstetrical anesthesia care in Ontario community hospitals with fewer than 2,000 deliveries annually.

Purpose: Lack of the availability of anesthesia services may be a factor in the closure of maternity services in rural Canada, limiting the capacity for Cesarean delivery and intensifying the urbanization of maternity care. Unlike other professions involved in maternal newborn care, health services research in obstetrical anesthesia is virtually non-existent. This study explored barriers physicians encountered in providing obstetrical anesthesia care in Ontario community hospitals experiencing low volumes (fewer than 2,000) deliveries per annum (PA).

Insecticidal activity of destruxin, a mycotoxin from Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales), against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval stages.

Background: The cyclodepsipeptide destruxin produced by the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) was administered by different methods, topical application, ingestion and a combination of the two, in an attempt to minimize the mycotoxin dose for efficient management of the insect pest Spodoptera litura (Fab.).

Pulmonary disposition of tilmicosin in foals and in vitro activity against Rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens.

The objectives of this study were to determine the serum and pulmonary disposition of tilmicosin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Rhodococcus equi and other common bacterial pathogens of horses. A single dose of a new fatty acid salt formulation of tilmicosin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to seven healthy 5- to 8-week-old foals by the intramuscular route. Concentrations of tilmicosin were measured in serum, lung tissue, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, and blood neutrophils.

Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of SJG-136 and their DNA-binding potential.

A series of C2-exo-fluorounsaturated pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) have been synthesized. These C2-exo-fluorounsaturated PBD dimers have exhibited remarkable DNA-binding affinity.

Altered balance of half-reactions in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase caused by substituting the 2'-carbon of FAD with fluorine.

Apo-p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase was reconstituted using 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-arabino-FAD, a synthetic flavin in which the hydroxyl of the 2'-center of the ribityl chain was replaced with fluorine in an inverted configuration. The absorbance spectral changes caused by the binding of either p-hydroxybenzoate (pOHB) or 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate (2,4-diOHB) indicated that the isoalloxazine of the artificial flavin adopts the more solvent-exposed "out" conformation rather than the partially buried "in" conformation near the aromatic substrate. In contrast, the flavin of the natural enzyme adopts the in conformation when pOHB is bound.

Synthesis and properties of 8-CN-flavin nucleotide analogs and studies with flavoproteins.

A high potential analog of riboflavin with a cyano function at the 8-position was synthesized by employing novel reaction conditions, starting from 8-amino-riboflavin. This was converted to the FAD level with FAD synthetase. The reduced 8-CN-riboflavin, unlike normal reduced flavin, has a distinctive absorption spectrum with two distinctive peaks in the near ultraviolet region.

Chemical modification of the N-10 ribityl side chain of flavins. Effects on properties of flavoprotein disulfide oxidoreductases.

Three flavin derivatives modified at the 2'-position of the flavin N-10 ribityl side chain were synthesized: arabinoflavin, 2'-F-2'-deoxyarabinoflavin, and 2'-deoxyriboflavin. These were converted to the FAD level with FAD synthetase. Apoproteins of lipoamide dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and mercuric reductase, a family of flavoprotein oxidoreductases, were reconstituted with these flavins.