Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Cell Block Technique in Malignant Tumors.

Introduction: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity. To deal with this magnitude of cancers and their diagnostic and prognostics, a multitude of prognostic biomarkers for various cancers have been explored over the decades, with detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood being one of them. This study was undertaken to explore the routine procedure of cell block in the cytopathology lab to isolate and detect CTCs.

Correlative Evaluation of Seven Cytological 3-Tier Grading Systems of Breast Carcinoma with the Standard Histological Grading: A 4 and ½ Year Study.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of breast carcinoma is of paramount importance in its management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has the potential to play a pivotal role in providing the relevant information on the aggressiveness of this tumor. But there is no gold standard when it comes to cytological grading of breast carcinoma as there is no consensus between the pathologists and also the clinicians as to which grading is as par with the gold standard Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) histological grading.

CD38+CD27-TNF-α + on Mtb-specific CD4+ T Cells Is a Robust Biomarker for Tuberculosis Diagnosis.

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis followed by timely treatment are the key prerequisites to fight tuberculosis (TB) and reduce its global burden. Despite scientific advances, the rapid and correct diagnosis of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains a challenge because of traditional reliance on detection of the elusive bacilli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific host immune activation and cytokine production have shown significant promise as alternative means of detecting and distinguishing active disease from latent infection.

Cytomorphological Study of Medullary Carcinoma of Breast in Comparison to Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma.

Introduction: Medullary breast carcinoma (MBC) is one of the rare variants of breast carcinoma, accounting for less than 5% of invasive breast carcinoma. MBCs relatively appear a decade earlier when compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC NOS), which is more prevalent in the elderly age.

Subjects And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology from 2009 to 2016.

Role of p16/INK4a and Ki-67 as specific biomarkers for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: An institutional study.

Background: P16/INK4a and Ki-67 have emerged as important biomarkers for the detection of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) associated dysplastic changes in the cervical biopsy samples. The increasing inter- and intra-observer variability in the diagnosis of dysplastic lesions and immature squamous metaplasia on histopathology has led to the advent of these biomarkers. This study was taken up with an aim to study their role in increasing the diagnostic accuracy in equivocal cases on histopathology.

Comparison of Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry on Breast Carcinoma: A Boon or a Bane?

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women in the urban Indian population. Conventionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is done to determine the hormone receptor status of the tumor. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was carried out to determine the same hormone receptor status of the tumor.

Uterine Leiomyomas: An ENIGMA.

Introduction: Leiomyomas are benign tumors composed of smooth muscle cells and varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue commonly encountered in women of reproductive age group. Leiomyomas need hormonal milieu for their growth and maintenance. Unopposed estrogenic stimulation manifests as leiomyomas undergoing secondary changes, endometrial proliferation or hyperplasia, and other associated pathological findings.

Unusual cases of carcinoma of palatine tonsil.

We present two unusual cases of carcinoma of palatine tonsil in elderly patients. Both the cases were initially diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil, second case, in addition, showed lung metastasis. On subsequent follow-up, the first case developed cutaneous metastasis in the right frontoparietal region while second case showed granulocytosis as paraneoplastic manifestation.

Axillary lymph node tuberculosis masquerading as inflammatory breast carcinoma in an immune-compromised patient.

While tuberculosis is still the leading opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is more common than pulmonary tuberculosis, with lymph nodes being a common site. Axillary lymph node pathology such as tuberculosis and lymphoma rarely mimics inflammatory breast carcinoma by producing lymphatic obstruction. We report a case of axillary lymph node tuberculosis in a 40-year-old immune-compromised woman, clinically presenting as inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Multinucleate Giant Cells in FNAC of Benign Breast Lesions: Its Significance.

Background: Multinucleate giant cells are described in breast aspirates. However, due to its rarity very few cases have been described cytologically. Hence recognition and correct interpretation of their presence is difficult, yet crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Assessment of sleep quality in post-graduate residents in a tertiary hospital and teaching institute.

Objectives: To evaluate subjective sleep quality, day-time sleepiness, prevalence of substance use, satisfaction with life among residents at our institute. To evaluate association of sleep qualitywith satisfaction with life and day-time sleepiness. To compare the findings between residents in clinical and para-clinical departments.

Granulosa cell tumor of ovary: A clinicopathological study of four cases with brief review of literature.

Introduction: Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy having good prognosis in comparison with other epithelial tumors. The study aims to collect data of all granulosa cell tumors diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore over the last 3 years and to describe the patient profile, ultrasonographic and various histopathological features.

Materials And Methods: A total of 4 granulosa cell tumors were diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore during the period from June 2010 to June 2013.

Induction of response to psychotropic medications in depression and panic after concurrent treatment of diabetes.

We present a case of depression with panic disorder, which did not respond to adequate psychiatric interventions over a period of several months. However, it improved completely with the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Hence, we infer that comorbid diabetes mellitus can render depression resistant to psychiatric interventions and must always be ruled out when treating patients who show poor response to adequate interventions for an adequate period of time.

Psychosis in a case of kleine-levin syndrome: a diagnostic challenge.

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder of sleep diagnosed mainly on clinical grounds. It presents a unique diagnostic dilemma for neurologists and psychiatrists; especially due to a high risk of being diagnosed as a psychiatric condition like a mood disorder. However, there is literature available documenting the cooccurrence of psychiatric illnesses in patients diagnosed with KLS.

Carcinoid tumour of appendix in a child: a rare case at an uncommon site.

Carcinoid tumours of the appendix are uncommon incidentally detected tumours during histopathological examination following appendicectomy for acute appendicitis. Even though considered rare in children, they are the most frequently encountered tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. To our knowledge, carcinoid tumour of appendix in childhood has not yet been reported from Indian Subcontinent.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a case report.

Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the sinonasal tract are uncommon neoplasms that can be morphologically difficult to distinguish from destructive non-neoplastic process or other malignant neoplasm in this site. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the sinonasal tract are heterogeneous diseases that can be clinically aggressive. Immunophenotypic pattern of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas shows marked variations.