Risk factors of hospitalization among chronic kidney disease patients in tertiary care hospitals - A single-center experience.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects health and life of patients. They confront anemia, hypertension, infections and cardiovascular disease. Due to these health issues, they are at risk of repeated hospitalizations.

Reusing dialyzer in low income countries: A good cost saving tactic with complex ethics.

Despite almost universal practice of dialyzer reuse from the earliest days of haemodialysis, reusing dialyzer always remains a controversial issue and several ethical concerns have been raised. Some of the important are safety of reuse over single use, informed consent of the patient, conflict of interest on the part of physician or manufacturer, fiscal responsibility and environmental stewardship. Indeed, at the beginning of this century, there was a drastic shift of practice in favour of single use in developed countries due to availability of biocompatible haemodialyzers, at favourable price.

More hostile dyslipidaemia in chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis than on conservative management.

Objective: To study the pattern of dyslipidaemia in patients with stage-V chronic kidney disease on conservative management and those on maintenance haemodialysis.

Methods: This comparative observational study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from February to July, 2008, and comprised stage-V chronic kidney disease patients. The patients were divided in two groups.

Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Hemodialysis Patients Before and During Islamic Month of Ramadan.

Introduction: Month of Ramadan bring many changes in life style, especially the diet of Muslims all over the world among both fasting and nonfasting individuals. Hemodialysis patients are kept on restricted diet because of fluid and electrolytes imbalance. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the clinical and biochemical parameters in fasting and nonfasting hemodialysis patients during the Ramadan.

Type of immune and complement deposits and response of immunosuppressive treatment on Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis -- a single centre experience.

Objective: To see the response of steroid and cyclophosphamide if membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is classified by pattern of immune and complement deposits.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at The Kidney Centre, Karachi, and comprised patients treated for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis between 1996 and 2013. Records of patients who were not treated with immunosuppressive medications were excluded.