Frequency of Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a recognized complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). PH is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD. PH is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD.

From Exhaustion to Empowerment: Investigating Fatigue and Its Associations in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) frequently experience fatigue. This cross-sectional study examined the severity of fatigue and the demographic and clinical characteristics that may contribute to fatigue in ESRD patients on MHD. Methods The study included 250 ESRD patients on MHD.

Problem to solution; from mammalian skin grafts to renal allograft rejection: a tale of 66 years of evolution of our understanding.

The first successful kidney transplant was done in 1954, and it remains the best option for those with failed kidneys. However, the recipient's immune system remains the most formidable barrier to transplantation, leading to rejection. Rejection continues to be the most important reason of graft malfunction and chronic renal allograft dysfunction and remains a challenge to date for successful transplant survival.

Frequency of Intradialytic Hypertension Using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Suggested Definition in a Single Hemodialysis Centre in Pakistan.

Objectives:  To estimate the frequency of intradialytic hypertension (IDH) in our centre as per the definition suggested by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).

Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted at the dialysis department of The Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Institute (PGTI) Karachi, Pakistan from August 2021 to October 2021 among 263 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) aged ≥ 18 years of both genders. The study outcome was the frequency of IDH as per the latest KDIGO suggested definition i.

Causes of Emergency Department Visits Among End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis in Pakistan: A Single-Center Study.

Background In this study, we aimed to determine the causes of emergency department (ED) visits by end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 194 visits of ESKD patients on MHD aged ≥18 years of both genders presenting at the ED of The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi, Pakistan between February 2021 and May 2021. The study investigated the causes behind ED visits.

Outcomes of Different Immunosuppressive Regimen in Adult Biopsy Proven Idiopathic Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Center.

Treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is frustrating, especially for steroid-resistant FSGS. Different immunosuppressive agents have been used with inconsistent outcome. We analyzed the data in our FSGS patients who, in addition to steroid, were treated with cyclosporine (CYA), cyclophosphamide (CYP), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) along with the long-term follow-up.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection of In-center Hemodialysis Patients: An Experience of a Dialysis Center from Pakistan.

Much has now been learned about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the general population, but data for hemodialysis (HD) patients are limited. This is the first study of COVID-19 disease in patients undergoing maintenance HD in Pakistan. We studied the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics, and outcomes of a cohort of HD patients that contracted COVID-19 in our HD center from the first confirmed case on May 12, 2020, until September 9, 2020.

Association Of Bone Mineral Profile With Restless Leg Syndrome In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease.

Background: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is one of the problem hemodialysis patients may encounter. This study was done to find out the association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in end stage renal disease patients with serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at The Kidney Centre, postgraduate Training Institute Karachi, Pakistan from Jan to June 2020.

The second wave of COVID-19 disease in haemodialysis patients: An experience of a dialysis center from Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of second wave of coronavirus disease-2019 in haemodialysis patients.

Methods: The retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted at The Kidney Center Post-Graduate-Training-Institute, Karachi, Pakistan and comprised data of patients regardless of gender who contracted coronavirus disease-2019 during the second wave from November 3, 2020, till February 12, 2021. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and outcomes of the patients were reviewed.

Development of Banff Classification from 1991 to 2019 for identifying renal allograft rejection: A narrative review for nephrologists.

Renal pathologists, nephrologists and transplant surgeons held a meeting in 1991 at Banff, Canada, and developed a classification scheme that standardised the international classification of renal allograft biopsies and called it the Banff Classification. Following the first meeting, 15 meetings were held, usually every two years, that revised the classification in the light of new evidence and techniques. The latest printed consensus was after the 2019 meeting in Pittsburgh in the United States of America.

Frequency of iron deficiency anaemia in chronic kidney disease patient not on dialysis.

Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods: The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, from April 27 to October 26, 2018, and comprised adult patients of either gender diagnosed with anaemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate <90ml/min. Patient with transferrin saturation <20% were labelled as having iron deficiency anaemia.

'Haemodialysis burden' overweighs the associations of demographic, social and clinical factors on quality of life: A single centre study from Pakistan.

Objective: To assess health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients, and the impact of various factors in this regard.

Methods: The retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, and comprised data from June to December 2019 of patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The health-related quality of life was assessed using the self-administered Urdu version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form version 1.

Comparison of COVID-19 Inactivated Virus Vaccine Immunogenicity Between Healthy Individuals and Patients on Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study From Pakistan.

Introduction This study compares the immune response after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated virus vaccine between healthy individuals (HI) and patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods In this cross-sectional, comparative study, the presence or absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-S antibody and IgG anti-S antibody titer was compared between HI, and patients on HD after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 81 participants, 50 (61.

Comparison of the Quality of Sleep in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease.

Objective In this study, we aimed to compare the quality of sleep between patients with (CKD) and those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methodology We performed a cross-sectional study between August 2020 and January 2021. We included 240 patients, among which 178 (74.

Re-Hospitalization in First Six Months After Live Related Renal Transplantation: Risk Factors, Burden, Causes and Outcomes.

Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence, causes, risk factors, outcomes, and cost of hospital readmission after live related renal transplantation (LRRT). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and followed patients' re-admissions for six months whose LRRT was done in our center between September 2019 and June 2020. Results We recruited 53 patients, 40 (75.

A Comparative Study of the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients From Pakistan.

Introduction: This study aims to compare the characteristics and outcomes of the first and second waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Method: We compared the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of HD patients who contracted COVID-19 in our HD center during the first wave from May 2020 to September 2020 and the second wave from November 2020 to February 2021.

Results: A total of 50 (11.

A Comparative Study of Acidosis in Diabetic Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on and off Metformin.

Aim The aim of the study is to assess the risk of acidosis in diabetic advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on and off metformin. Methods This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the nephrology department in The Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Institute (TKC PGTI) Karachi from February to April 2020. We reviewed the records of all patients over 18 years old who visited the nephrology outpatient department in three months in 2020 (from February 2020 to April 2020), who had CKD (stage 2-5), are not on dialysis, and had type 2 diabetes.

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) as a Reliable Tool for Nutritional Assessment of Hemodialysis Patients: A Single-Center Observation.

Objective In this study, we evaluated mini nutritional assessment (MNA) as a tool for the assessment of the nutritional status of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was done from February 2021 till August 2021 on ESRD patients on MHD at our center. Nutritional status was assessed by using MNA score which evaluates four different aspects: anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI], weight loss, mid-arm and mid-calf circumferences); general assessment (lifestyle, medications, mobility, and signs of depression); short dietary assessment (number of meals, food, and fluid intake) and subjective assessment (self-perception of food and nutrition).

Assessment of nutritional status of haemodialysis patients by subjective global assessment score: A single centre study from Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of patients on maintenance haemodialysis to determine the frequency and severity of malnutrition.

Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2020, at the The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, and comprised secondary data related to patients on maintenance haemodialysis which was collected from January to August 2016. A one-time subjective global assessment score was calculated based on the history and physical examinations.

Delay in Permanent Vascular Access Formation and Referral to a Nephrologist in Incident Hemodialysis Patients: A Single Center Experience.

Objective:  This study assessed the factors associated with delayed referral to a nephrologist and delay in formation of a permanent vascular access in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods:  This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to July 2021 on end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at our center. Data were collected at the bedside during the HD session about a referral to a nephrologist, about when they were asked for permanent vascular access formation and the reason for the delay in its formation.

Comparison Between the Yield of Different Number of Blood Cultures in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Suspected Septicemia.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the optimal and financially efficient numbers of blood cultures (BC) required in our chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with suspected bloodstream infections (BSI).

Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Center Post-Graduate-Training-Institute, Karachi from July 2020 to December 2020.

Co-relation Between Calcium-Phosphorus Product and Hypertension in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

Objective In our study, we evaluated the relation between calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) product and various measurements of pre and post-dialysis blood pressure (BP) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods This is a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study in which patients undergoing maintenance HD for > six months were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling during a six-month period from October 2020 to March 2021. Linear regression analysis was done to study the effect of the Ca-P product for each parameter of BP and regression coefficients were acquired.

Bone Marrow Findings in Renal Patients: A Single Renal Specialist Center Experience.

Objective This study evaluated the importance of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (BM) for the diagnosis of underlying hematological abnormalities in renal patients. Methods This cross-sectional study on BM was carried out between August 2010 and April 2019, in our specialist renal center for various unexplained hematological abnormalities in patients with renal diseases [chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), patients with normal renal function but other nephrology and urology issues like stone disease and nephrotic syndrome]. Results Out of 176 reported BM examinations, 48 (27.

Variety of Cardiac Events in Hospitalized Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Objective This study assessed the variety and frequency of various cardiovascular events in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were hospitalized due to different causes. Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted at the Department of Nephrology in The Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Institute Karachi on all adult CKD (of all stages with or without dialysis) patients, who developed cardiovascular events during their hospital admission either in ward or ICU due to any cause between August 2020 and February 2021. Total of 765 patients got admitted in the given time period and among them, 290 patients developed various cardiovascular events.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Erythropoietin Alpha and Erythropoietin Beta in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of erythropoietin alpha and erythropoietin beta in anemia management in the hemodialysis population.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Center Postgraduate Training Institute (TKC-PGTI), Karachi, from December 2019 to July 2020.