Streptokinase reduces Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis biofilm formation.

Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is increasingly recognized as an emerging cause of invasive diseases including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). In contrast to the closely related Streptococcus pyogenes, SDSE infections mainly affect older and comorbid patients. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated in soft tissue biopsies of S.

Pneumococcal Extracellular Serine Proteases: Molecular Analysis and Impact on Colonization and Disease.

The pathobiont causes life-threatening diseases, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, or non-invasive infections such as otitis media. Serine proteases are enzymes that have been emerged during evolution as one of the most abundant and functionally diverse group of proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. expresses up to four extracellular serine proteases belonging to the category of trypsin-like or subtilisin-like family proteins: HtrA, SFP, PrtA, and CbpG.

Extracellular Pneumococcal Serine Proteases Affect Nasopharyngeal Colonization.

has evolved versatile strategies to colonize the nasopharynx of humans. Colonization is facilitated by direct interactions with host cell receptors or binding to components of the extracellular matrix. In addition, pneumococci hijack host-derived extracellular proteases such as the serine protease plasmin(ogen) for ECM and mucus degradation as well as colonization.