Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities.

Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens.

Current progress and prospects for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a crucial role in mediating the effect of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds in TNBC cells. Compared with other subtypes, GPER has a higher expression in TNBC.

Correlation of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Joints of AA7075-T6 plates using a flat tool pin profile.

This study investigates the influence of square and hexagon tool pin profiles on the butt joint of AA7075-T6 plates through friction stir welding. In contrast to the AA7075-T6 base metal with a grain size of 32.736 μm, both square (4.

Divergent features of ERβ isoforms in triple negative breast cancer: progress and implications for further research.

Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) was discovered more than 20 years ago. However, the extent and role of ERβ expression in breast cancer remain controversial, especially in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ERβ exists as multiple isoforms, and a series of studies has revealed an inconsistent role of ERβ isoforms in TNBC.

Progress and prospects in research and clinical practice of hormone receptor-positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations.

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease that is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, precise subtyping and corresponding treatments have improved patient outcomes. Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-negative (HR+/HER2-) BC with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations (BRCA1/2m) is a unique BC subset with dual drivers: homologous recombination deficiency and hormone receptor signaling.