Neutralizing antibody correlate of protection against severe-critical COVID-19 in the ENSEMBLE single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine efficacy trial.

Assessment of immune correlates of severe COVID-19 has been hampered by the low numbers of severe cases in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) trials. We assess neutralizing and binding antibody levels at 4 weeks post-Ad26.COV2.

Phase 1 dose-escalation trial evaluating a group 2 influenza hemagglutinin stabilized stem nanoparticle vaccine.

The relative conservation of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem compared to that of the immunodominant HA head makes the HA stem an attractive target for broadly protective influenza vaccines. Here we report the first-in-human, dose-escalation, open-label trial (NCT04579250) evaluating an unadjuvanted group 2 stabilized stem ferritin nanoparticle vaccine based on the H10 A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013 influenza HA, H10ssF, in healthy adults. Participants received a single 20 mcg dose (n = 3) or two 60 mcg doses 16 weeks apart (n = 22).

Mucosal adenovirus vaccine boosting elicits IgA and durably prevents XBB.1.16 infection in nonhuman primates.

A mucosal route of vaccination could prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication at the site of infection and limit transmission. We compared protection against heterologous XBB.1.

Mucosal Adenoviral-vectored Vaccine Boosting Durably Prevents XBB.1.16 Infection in Nonhuman Primates.

Waning immunity and continued virus evolution have limited the durability of protection from symptomatic infection mediated by intramuscularly (IM)-delivered mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 although protection from severe disease remains high. Mucosal vaccination has been proposed as a strategy to increase protection at the site of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing airway immunity, potentially reducing rates of infection and transmission. Here, we compared protection against XBB.

Value of Thoracic CT in Blunt Trauma Patients With High Glasgow Coma Scale and Low Injury Severity Scale.

Objective: To determine the value of ordering a routine chest CT (CCT) in patients with blunt trauma presenting to the emergency department with a high GCS and low ISS, we retrospectively collected patient data including CT scan results, when physical examination and initial chest X-ray were normal in the trauma bay area.

Methods: A retrospective data collection of 901 consecutive blunt trauma patients seen in the ED between 2017 and 2019 was analyzed. Data included physical examination, age, gender, current use of anticoagulation therapy, comorbid conditions, as well as the result of radiologic images, hospital length of stay, surgical intervention, and mortality.

Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly and Associated Factors that May Influence Chronicity.

Traumatic acute subdural hematomas (TASDH) is by far the most common traumatic brain injury in adult patients with blunt trauma, who presented to the Emergency Department (ED). One of the serious sequale of TASDH is the development of Chronic Subdural Hematomas (CSD) with associated deterioration in mental status and convulsion. Studies to identify the risk factors that favors development of chronicity of TASDH are few and inconclusive.

Can Time to Treatment Reduce In-Hospital Mortality and Morbidity Among Surgical and Nonsurgical Elderly Patients With Sepsis.

Sepsis mortality remains high and efforts to reduce it are continuing. We collected data from our patients presented to the emergency department (ED) with sepsis and performed a retrospective analysis of 1079 patients seen in the ED with sepsis during 2018 and 2020, before and after implementation of the new CDC protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and chi square test as well as Cox regression analysis.

Immune correlates analysis of the ENSEMBLE single Ad26.COV2.S dose vaccine efficacy clinical trial.

Measuring immune correlates of disease acquisition and protection in the context of a clinical trial is a prerequisite for improved vaccine design. We analysed binding and neutralizing antibody measurements 4 weeks post vaccination as correlates of risk of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 through 83 d post vaccination in the phase 3, double-blind placebo-controlled phase of ENSEMBLE, an international randomized efficacy trial of a single dose of Ad26.COV2.

Clinical outcomes and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in severe aplastic anaemia.

Patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) are often not vaccinated against viruses due to concerns of ineffective protective antibody response and potential for pathogenic global immune system activation, leading to relapse. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on haematological indices and disease status and characterized the humoural and cellular responses to vaccination in 50 SAA patients, who were previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST). There was no significant difference in haemoglobin (p = 0.

Effect of Implementation of an Early Treatment of Sepsis Protocol on Surgical Outcomes.

Sepsis outcomes remain high regarding mortality and morbidity, despite efforts to reduce them. We retrospectively evaluated a protocol in the first 6 months of implementation to measure outcomes. Retrospective data collection and analysis was performed of 200 consecutive patients seen in the ED during the first 4 months of 2020 after implementation of the sepsis protocol (group 1) and compared to another 200 consecutive patients during the same time frame in 2019 before the sepsis protocol (group 2).

mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron boost in vaccinated macaques elicits similar B cell expansion, neutralizing responses, and protection from Omicron.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is highly transmissible and has substantial resistance to neutralization following immunization with ancestral spike-matched vaccines. It is unclear whether boosting with Omicron-matched vaccines would enhance protection. Here, nonhuman primates that received mRNA-1273 at weeks 0 and 4 were boosted at week 41 with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron.

Immune Correlates Analysis of a Single Ad26.COV2.S Dose in the ENSEMBLE COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Clinical Trial.

Anti-spike IgG binding antibody, anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibody, and pseudovirus neutralizing antibody measurements four weeks post-vaccination were assessed as correlates of risk of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 outcomes through 83 days post-vaccination and as correlates of protection following a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine in the placebo-controlled phase of ENSEMBLE, an international, randomized efficacy trial.

The Value of Abdominal and Pelvic CT Scan in Trauma Patients With Low Injury Severity Score and High Glasgow Coma Scale.

Introduction: Computed tomography scans became the mainstay of emergency department (ED) evaluation of trauma patients including those with a high Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and a low Injury Severity Score (ISS). We elected to find the value of abdominal and pelvic CT in patients with negative physical examination and Focused Assessment of Sonography for Trauma (FAST) on arrival to the ED.

Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 901 consecutive patients from 2017 to 2019 who presented to the ED with level 2 and 3 activation criteria.