Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) questionnaire in pediatric patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy aged 7-16 years.

Objective/background: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) measures daytime sleepiness, but had not previously been validated in children <12 years of age.

Patients/methods: Data from a sodium oxybate (SXB) study in pediatric participants with narcolepsy with cataplexy (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02221869) were used in this validation study.

Developing an Alternative Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Assess Daytime Sleepiness in Adults with Physical or Mental Disabilities.

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent symptom with many possible causes, and many of these can be treated. EDS and its underlying causes have been associated with various negative health consequences. Recognition of EDS is thus an important public health concern.

Assessing narcolepsy with cataplexy in children and adolescents: development of a cataplexy diary and the ESS-CHAD.

Objective: The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate concepts for incorporation into a daily diary to capture cataplexy frequency and to assess the content validity of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) in pediatric patients with narcolepsy.

Patients And Methods: Face-to-face concept elicitation and cognitive interviews were conducted with children (7-9 years; n=13) and adolescents (10-17 years; n=16) who have narcolepsy with cataplexy, and their parents/caregivers.

Results: Similarities and differences were noted between narcolepsy concepts described by children and their parents/caregivers, suggesting some different but complementary perspectives; parents may not recognize cataplexy symptoms/triggers as well as children, but parents have greater recognition of the circumstances of falling asleep.

Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents using Rasch analysis.

Objective: A validated measure of daytime sleepiness for adolescents is needed to better explore emerging relationships between sleepiness and the mental and physical health of adolescents. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a widely used scale for daytime sleepiness in adults but contains references to alcohol and driving. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) has been proposed as the official modified version of the ESS for children and adolescents.

Assessing sleepiness and cataplexy in children and adolescents with narcolepsy: a review of current patient-reported measures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to review patient-reported outcome measures assessing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or cataplexy in children or adolescents to determine their usefulness and limitations in pediatric narcolepsy assessment.

Methods: Searches were performed in Embase and Medline for pediatric measures of EDS and cataplexy that are either patient- or proxy-reported, and searches of http://www.clinicaltrials.

The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Epworth sleepiness scale.

Objective: The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is widely used to measure the subject's average sleep propensity across those different situations in daily life, particularly in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that the Korean version of the ESS (KESS) is valid and evaluate its usefulness.

Materials And Methods: We developed the KESS, which involved translating into Korean and then translating back into English to check its accuracy.

Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) for use in Brazil.

Methods: The steps involved in creating the ESS in Brazilian Portuguese (ESS-BR) were as follows: translation; back-translation; comparison (by a committee) between the translation and the back-translation; and testing in bilingual individuals. The ESS-BR was applied to a group of patients who were submitted to overnight polysomnography in order to identify obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), insomnia and primary snoring.

Development of a Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) based on item response theory.

Background: Various Japanese versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) have been used, but none was developed via standard procedures. Here we report on the construction and testing of the developer-authorized Japanese version of the ESS (JESS).

Methods: Developing the JESS involved translations, back translations, a pilot study, and psychometric testing.

Validation of a Chinese version of the Epworth sleepiness scale.

Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is widely used to evaluate degree of somnolence among Chinese patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Yet no Mandarin-Chinese translation has ever reported its validation data. In this study we translated and validated the ESS into Mandarin Chinese (CESS).

Sleep propensity varies with behaviour and the situation in which it is measured: the concept of somnificity.

It is self-evident that we fall asleep more readily when lying down than when standing up. Nevertheless, the influence of this and more subtle changes in posture, activity and the situation in which sleep propensity is measured have been largely ignored. The term somnificity is introduced here, defined as the general characteristic of a posture, activity and situation that reflects its capacity to facilitate sleep-onset in a majority of subjects.