Associations among negative weight-related experiences, weight bias internalization, and body-related self-conscious emotions in adolescents: A daily diary study.

Introduction: The present study examined the between- and within-person associations among negative weight-related experiences, weight bias internalization, and body shame, embarrassment, and pride in adolescents.

Methods: Participants were 93 Canadian students (M = 15.54, 59.

We-Care-Well: exploring the personal recovery of mental health caregivers through Participatory Action Research.

Family caregivers play a critical role in supporting the recovery journeys of their loved ones, yet the recovery journeys of family caregivers have not been well-explored. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, we explore the personal recovery journeys of family caregivers for individuals with mental illness. This case study involved piloting and exploring the impact of a novel online workshop series offered to mental health caregivers at Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences.

Does Participating in a Variety of Activities at a Variety of Locations or With Different People Predict Physical Activity Behavior Among Adolescents? The Mediating Role of Perceived Variety.

We examine whether adolescents' participating in a variety of physical activities, locations, and/or with a variety of people relates to physical activity 16 months later and whether perceptions of variety mediate these relationships. Adolescents (N = 369) completed measures indicating various physical activities they participated in, where they primarily participated, and with whom they primarily participated, at three time points over a year (averaged for baseline measures). Perceptions of variety was measured 8 months later.

Only my group will do: Evidence that social support protects athletes from burnout when they identify with those who provide it.

Perceived availability of social support can reduce symptoms of burnout in athletes. As such, it is important to understand the circumstances under which perceived social support is most effective. Social influences such as strength of social identification with a particular group or identity are believed to play an important role in the provision and effectiveness of social support.

A time compositional analysis of the association between movement behaviors and indicators of mental health in young adults.

Background: Movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviors [SB], sleep) relate to mental health.

Matched and moving: exploring daily social support among women partnered for exercise after a breast cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: Exercise and social support are non-pharmacological strategies that improve health and wellbeing in women treated for breast cancer (WTBC). However, strategies to facilitate support and exercise in WTBC are typically resource intensive. The purpose of this study was to examine whether various forms of social support received from a matched peer were associated with increased exercise among WTBC.

Description of sport participation profiles and transitions across profiles during adolescence.

Few studies describe sport participation profiles in the general population using multiple characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify sport participation profiles during adolescence and to describe transitions across profiles from grades 5 to 12 (age 10 to 18 years). We used data from 916 participants (55% girls; age 10-12 years at inception) of the Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study.

Trends in the Quality of Evidence Supporting FDA Drug Approvals: Results from a Literature Review.

Context: New drug approvals in the United States must be supported by substantial evidence from "adequate and well-controlled" trials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has flexibility in how it applies this standard.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic literature review of studies evaluating the design and outcomes of the key trials supporting new drug approvals in the United States.

Varsity athletes' fitness perceptions, fitness-related self-conscious emotions and depression when sidelined from play.

Objective: Explore the association between varsity athletes' fitness perceptions and symptoms of depression while sidelined from sport for an extended period, and test whether fitness-related self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride) mediate this relationship.

Analysis of Supportive Evidence for US Food and Drug Administration Approvals of Novel Drugs in 2020.

Importance: In recent years, drug approvals have been based on fewer, smaller, and less rigorous pivotal trials. Less robust preapproval testing raises questions about the efficacy and clinical value of these drugs.

Objective: To assess the regulatory context, pivotal design characteristics, and postmarket requirements (PMRs) and postmarket commitments (PMCs) of novel 2020 drug approvals to characterize the state of evidence at the time of approval.

New Drug Postmarketing Requirements and Commitments in the US: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.

Introduction: After the approval of a new drug, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may issue postmarketing requirements (PMRs), studies that the law requires manufacturers to conduct for drugs approved under certain conditions, and postmarketing commitments (PMCs), studies that the FDA and manufacturers agree should be conducted as a condition of approval.

Objective: With regulators' increasing reliance on gathering important evidence after initial product approval, we sought to assess the track record of PMRs and PMCs by synthesizing information about postmarketing study completion rates, timeliness, study types, and results reporting.

Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted.

Understanding Girls' Motivation to Participate in Sport: The Effects of Social Identity and Physical Self-Concept.

Girls are often less motivated to participate in community sport compared to boys. Having a strong social identity with a sports team is positively associated with motivation to continue participation in sport, yet the mechanisms explaining this association are not well-known. In the current study, physical self-concept is tested as a mediator of the association between social identity and motivation.

Understanding Relationships Between Social Identity, Sport Enjoyment, and Dropout in Adolescent Girl Athletes.

The sport team social environment plays an important role in athletes' experiences, including their enjoyment of sport, and these experiences may influence athletes' decision to continue or dropout of sport. In the current study, enjoyment was examined as a mediator of the relationship between social identity and sport dropout. Adolescent girls (N = 150) who participated on a community sports team completed a questionnaire assessing social identity with their team and enjoyment of sport, and their sport participation status was measured 1 year later.

Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health.

We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (ie, non-participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT study. After controlling for demographics, physical activity, and previous mental health, one-way MANCOVA and ANCOVAs indicated that pattern of team sport participation was associated with stress, F(2,706) =8.

Longitudinal associations between team sport participation and substance use in adolescents and young adults.

Background: Team sport participation contributes to positive outcomes, including increased physical activity, better mental health, and enhanced social engagement. However, longitudinal studies show that team sport participation during adolescence is also associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, including harmful substance use behaviors. Our objectives were to examine these associations in an adolescent sample, assess differences between sexes, examine the association by sport type, and investigate whether associations carry into young adulthood.

Transformational parenting and coaching on mental toughness and physical performance in adolescent soccer players: The moderating effect of athlete age.

Both parent and coach leadership behaviours are instrumental to adolescent athlete development. Researchers, however, are yet to examine parent and coach leadership influences simultaneously, and at different stages of adolescents' psychological and physical development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand if the effects of transformational parenting, and transformational coaching on mental toughness and performance varied at different ages during adolescence.

Cost and economic benefit of clinical decision support systems for cardiovascular disease prevention: a community guide systematic review.

Objective: This review evaluates costs and benefits associated with acquiring, implementing, and operating clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Materials And Methods: Methods developed for the Community Guide were used to review CDSS literature covering the period from January 1976 to October 2015. Twenty-one studies were identified for inclusion.

Total synthesis, stereochemical assignment, and biological activity of chamuvarinin and structural analogues.

A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin has been completed in 1.5% overall yield over 20 steps. The key fragment coupling reactions were the addition of alkyne 8 to aldehyde 7 (under Felkin-Anh control), followed by the two step activation/cyclization to close the C20-C23 2,5-cis-substituted tetrahydrofuran ring and a Julia-Kocienski olefination at C8-C9 to introduce the terminal butenolide.

Something is amiss in Denmark: a comparison of preventable hospitalisations and readmissions for chronic medical conditions in the Danish Healthcare system and Kaiser Permanente.

Background: As many other European healthcare systems the Danish healthcare system (DHS) has targeted chronic condition care in its reform efforts. Benchmarking is a valuable tool to identify areas for improvement. Prior work indicates that chronic care coordination is poor in the DHS, especially in comparison with care in Kaiser Permanente (KP), an integrated delivery system based in the United States.

Gaps in residency training should be addressed to better prepare doctors for a twenty-first-century delivery system.

Many observers have been concerned about a mismatch between the knowledge, skills, and professional values of newly trained physicians and the requirements of current and future medical practice. We surveyed and interviewed Kaiser Permanente's clinical department chiefs for internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology to ascertain their views of the perceived gaps in the readiness of newly trained physicians. Nearly half of those surveyed reported deficiencies among new physicians in managing routine conditions or performing simple procedures often encountered in office-based practice.

Delivery system reform tracking: a framework for understanding change.

The health care delivery system is changing rapidly, with providers forming patient-centered medical homes and exploring the creation of accountable care organizations. Enactment of the Affordable Care Act will likely accelerate these changes. Significant delivery system reforms will simultaneously affect the structures, capabilities, incentives, and outcomes of the delivery system.

Synthesis and stereochemical assignment of (+)-chamuvarinin.

A stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, isolated from the root extract of Uvaria Chamae, utilizes a convergent modular strategy to construct the adjacently linked C15-C28 ether array, followed by a late-stage Julia-Kocienski olefination to append the butenolide motif. This constitutes the first total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, defining the relative and absolute configuration of this unique annonaceous acetogenin.

Addressing health care market reform through an insurance exchange: essential policy components, the public plan option, and other issues to consider.

HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGE: This Issue Brief examines issues related to managed competition and the use of a health insurance exchange for the purpose of addressing cost, quality, and access to health care services. It discusses issues that must be addressed when designing an exchange in order to reform the health insurance market and also examines state efforts at health reform that use an exchange. RISK VS.