COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates in the Texas Prison System.

The case fatality rate (CFR) is an important metric in the correctional setting because it permits assessment of the lethality of an infectious agent independent of its underlying variations in transmissibility and incidence. Several studies have reported that incarceration is associated with both increased COVID-19 incidence and mortality. CFR, sometimes referred to as infection fatality rate for COVID-19, was used to compare mortality in a population at two points in time.

Engagement, initiation, and retention in medication treatment for opioid use disorder among young adults: A narrative review of challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a catastrophic public health problem for young adults (YAs) and their families. While medication for OUD (MOUD) is safe, effective, and recognized as the standard of care, its' uptake and success have been limited in YAs compared to older adults.

Methods: This narrative review summarizes the existing literature and highlights select studies regarding barriers to YA MOUD, potential explanations for those barriers, and strategies to overcome them.

Percutaneous image-guided treatment of mucoid degeneration of the ACL in advanced knee osteoarthritis-Preliminary observations.

Objectives: To describe the percutaneous image-guided treatment of mucoid degeneration of the ACL causing deep knee pain on flexion in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Five patients with mucoid degeneration of the ACL complicating knee osteoarthritis underwent percutaneous image-guided steroid bupivacaine ACL sleeve injections over a 3-year period.

Results: There were four males and one female of mean age 54 (range 48-59 years).

Precision medicine for psychotic disorders: objective assessment, risk prediction, and pharmacogenomics.

Psychosis occurs inside the brain, but may have external manifestations (peripheral molecular biomarkers, behaviors) that can be objectively and quantitatively measured. Blood biomarkers that track core psychotic manifestations such as hallucinations and delusions could provide a window into the biology of psychosis, as well as help with diagnosis and treatment. We endeavored to identify objective blood gene expression biomarkers for hallucinations and delusions, using a stepwise discovery, prioritization, validation, and testing in independent cohorts design.

The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Incarcerated Older Adults.

Objectives: In view of the growing number of older incarcerated persons in the United States, cognitive impairment represents one of the most challenging and costly health care issues facing the U.S. correctional system.

A novel scoring system incorporating sarcopenia to predict postoperative survival in spinal metastasis.

Background Context: As the prevalence of spinal metastasis rises, methods to predict survival will become increasingly important for clinical decision-making. Sarcopenia may be used to predict survival in these patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study to develop a prediction model incorporating sarcopenia for postoperative survival in patients with spinal metastasis.

Augmenting project ECHO for opioid use disorder with data-informed quality improvement.

Background: National opioid-related overdose fatalities totaled 650,000 from 1999 to 2021. Some of the highest rates occurred in New Hampshire, where 40% of the population lives rurally. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing opioid overdose and mortality.

Safety and efficacy of nightly nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis in dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections: 13 cases (2015-2021).

Objectives: To report the protocol, efficacy and adverse events in dogs receiving nightly nitrofurantoin therapy as antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case series of dogs prescribed nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. Data on urological history, diagnostic investigation, protocol, adverse events and efficacy (through serial urine cultures) were extracted from medical records.

The Not-So-Merry-Go-Round: Traumatic Inferior-Anterior Hip Dislocation in a 9-Year-Old.

Merry-go-rounds are not as innocuous as they may seem. Pediatric hip anterior-inferior dislocations are very rare and can be associated with low-energy trauma. Prompt recognition of pediatric hip dislocations is vital, and this should be treated as a time-sensitive orthopedic emergency.

End of the road? The career intentions of under-represented STEM students in higher education.

Background: The analogy of the leaky pipeline has been used to describe STEM education, with lower student diversity from compulsory to post-compulsory education and beyond. Although extensive research has explored the views and experiences of school-aged children about STEM, fewer studies have examined the career intentions of STEM students at university, especially those from under-represented backgrounds (e.g.

Treatment of Pasteurella multocida Cervical Epidural Abscess.

A 51-year-old left-handed Caucasian female with no significant medical history presented with a two-week history of severe neck pain and bilateral upper limb weakness. Neurological examination revealed weakness and altered sensation in the C5-T1 distribution bilaterally, more severe on the left with Medical Research Council's scale (MRC scale) of muscle power grade 3/5 and 4/5 on the right with upper motor neuron signs. Short-TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) and T2 weighted MRI imaging revealed increased signal at the C6-7 disc representing discitis, as well an anterior epidural collection from C5 to C7, with associated cord compression.

Asymmetric addition of Grignard reagents to ketones: culmination of the ligand-mediated methodology allows modular construction of chiral tertiary alcohols.

A new class of biaryl chiral ligands derived from 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) has been designed to enable the asymmetric addition of aliphatic and, for the first time, aromatic Grignard reagents to ketones for the preparation of highly enantioenriched tertiary alcohols (up to 95% ee). The newly developed ligands L12 and L12' together with the previously reported L0 and L0' define a set of complementary chiral promoters, which provides access to the modular construction of a broad range of structurally diverse non-racemic tertiary alcohols, bearing challenging quaternary stereocenters. The present advancements bring to completion our asymmetric Grignard methodology by expanding the scope to aromatic organomagnesium reagents, while facilitating its implementation in organic synthesis thanks to improved synthetic routes for the straightforward access to the chiral ligands.

Voriconazole-induced periostitis post lung transplantation.

Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal used to treat invasive fungal infections. It is commonly used prophylactically in immunocompromized patient cohorts, including transplant recipients. Diffuse periostitis is a very rare complication of chronic voriconazole use.

Efficacy of medical dissolution for suspected struvite cystoliths in dogs.

Background: Medical dissolution of struvite uroliths in dogs is commonly recommended, but data on success rates and complications are limited.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of medical dissolution for suspected struvite cystoliths in dogs.

Animals: Fifty client-owned dogs fed a therapeutic dissolution diet, with or without administration of antimicrobials, for treatment of suspected struvite cystoliths.

TEL Methods Used for the Learning of Clinical Neuroanatomy.

Ubiquity of information technology is undoubtedly the most substantial change to society in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and has resulted in a paradigm shift in how business and social interactions are conducted universally. Information dissemination and acquisition is now effortless, and the way we visualise information is constantly evolving. The face of anatomy education has been altered by the advent of such innovation with Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) now commonplace in modern curricula.

Comparative anatomy of the mammalian neuromuscular junction.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-a synapse formed between lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre-represents a major focus of both basic neuroscience research and clinical neuroscience research. Although the NMJ is known to play an important role in many neurodegenerative conditions affecting humans, the vast majority of anatomical and physiological data concerning the NMJ come from lower mammalian (e.g.

Respirators and surgical facemasks for COVID-19: implications for MRI.

• Respirators used for COVID-19 protection have not been tested for MR safety. • Three of four respirators tested contained ferromagnetic components. • These respirators are ‘MR unsafe’.

Increased rates of hypernatraemia during modest heatwaves in temperate climates.

Background: Hypernatraemia is associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in the older person. Last summer, Ireland experienced prolonged periods of excessive heat. The Irish meteorological service defines a heatwave as temperatures exceeding 25°C for five consecutive days.

Interval analysis of blood filtration efficacy in novel device for autotransfusion in postpartum hemorrhage.

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal mortality, is particularly problematic in low resource settings where access to safe blood supplies and definitive medical treatment is limited. We describe the continued development of an autotransfusion device designed to treat PPH by collection, filtration and infusion of maternal blood. Previous study has demonstrated that the device effectively moves blood through a filtration apparatus and removes up to 97% of aerobic bacteria but had poor anaerobic bacteria reduction.

Scintigraphic assessment of arterial embolism at mixed thrombin and technetium 99m injection therapy for femoral pseudoaneurysms.

Background: Clinically evident arterial thrombosis is rare following thrombin injection therapy for femoral pseudoaneurysm. However, it is unclear to what extent injected thrombin may pass to the ipsilateral lower limb arteries.

Aims: To assess if technetium 99m injected at the time of thrombin injection for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm therapy passes into the adjacent lower limb arteries.

Use of Lean Six Sigma methodology shows reduction of inpatient waiting time for peripherally inserted central catheter placement.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of Lean Six Sigma methodology to improve the turnaround time (TAT) for inpatient peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement.

Materials And Methods: Value stream mapping was used to analyse the workflow process for inpatient PICC placement and to divide it into its component parts. Unnecessary steps were eliminated and variation minimised in the remaining processes.

Apparent resolution of parrot bornavirus infection in cockatiels ().

Parrot bornavirus (PaBV), the etiologic agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), is a major cause of concern in the avian health community. Within an infected flock, some birds will develop PDD and succumb to disease, while others remain healthy. Until now, there has been no study describing the results of long-term infection in apparently healthy carriers.

Vancomycin-Induced DRESS Syndrome: An Important Concern in Orthopedic Surgery.

DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a potentially serious complication when prolonged courses of antibiotics are given to patients, with an average onset of 2-6 weeks after commencement. There is a high mortality rate (1-10%). We report the case of a 62-year-old male who developed DRESS after seven weeks of antibiotic treatment with vancomycin for a deep spinal metalwork infection.