Assessing Water Content of the Human Colonic Chyme Using the MRI Parameter T1: A Key Biomarker of Colonic Function.

Background: The human colon receives 2 L of fluid daily. Small changes in the efficacy of absorption can lead to altered stool consistency with diarrhea or constipation. Drugs and formulations can also alter colonic water, which can be assessed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) longitudinal relaxation time constant, T1.

A retrospective analysis of cardiovascular outcomes of clozapine treated individuals within Hunter New England.

Background: Clozapine has demonstrated superiority in improving both positive and negative symptoms of treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, there are associated treatment-limiting side effects, including myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and agranulocytosis.

Aim: This retrospective cohort study describes the prevalence of myocarditis, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in a cohort of patients maintained on clozapine therapy.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collated from patients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, had been managed with clozapine at any stage during their care and undergone at least one echocardiogram.

Affordability of healthy and water-saving dietary patterns in The Gambia.

Dietary modification has the potential to improve nutritional status and reduce environmental impacts of the food system. However, for many countries, the optimal composition of locally contextualized healthy and sustainable diets is unknown. The Gambia is vulnerable to climate-change-induced future water scarcity which may affect crop yields and the ability to supply healthy diets.

Designing, implementing and evaluating multidisciplinary healthcare training programmes in the wartime humanitarian context of Ukraine.

Introduction: Civilian healthcare workers (HCW) and medical facilities are directly and indirectly impacted by armed conflict. In the Russia-Ukraine war, acute trauma care needs grew, the workforce was destabilised by HCW migrating or shifting roles to meet conflict needs, and facilities faced surge events. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) exposure risks created unique preparedness needs.

Investigating health care pathways for anaphylaxis: Seeing the bigger picture through linked data.

Background: Anaphylaxis is increasing in Australia involving all levels of the health care system. Although guidelines recommend calling an ambulance and 4-hour observation, knowledge gaps exist regarding where people experiencing anaphylaxis receive care.

Objective: We sought to examine care pathways for anaphylaxis in Western Australia and factors associated with seeking care from ambulance versus the emergency department (ED), and subsequent hospital admission.

Socioeconomic disparities and trends in the utilization of regional and neuraxial anesthesia for pediatric femur fracture repair.

Pediatric femur fractures often necessitate surgical intervention, with pain management being critical for both immediate and long-term outcomes. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and neuraxial techniques are effective in providing targeted pain relief while minimizing systemic opioid exposure. Despite their benefits, the utilization of these anesthesia techniques in pediatric orthopedic surgeries is limited, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients.

Integron-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors in Typhimurium Isolated from Poultry.

This study investigates antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Typhimurium in poultry, focusing on how class I integrons contribute to AMR and virulence. Using whole genome sequencing, researchers analyzed 26 Typhimurium isolates from U.S.

Survival After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Development of a Fair Machine Learning Model.

Background: Prediction models based on machine learning (ML) methods are being increasingly developed and adopted in health care. However, these models may be prone to bias and considered unfair if they demonstrate variable performance in population subgroups. An unfair model is of particular concern in bladder cancer, where disparities have been identified in sex and racial subgroups.

Effectiveness of electronic medical record-based strategies for death and hospital admission endpoint capture in pragmatic clinical trials.

Objective: Event capture in clinical trials is resource-intensive, and electronic medical records (EMRs) offer a potential solution. This study develops algorithms for EMR-based death and hospitalization capture and compares them with traditional event capture methods.

Materials And Methods: We compared the effectiveness of EMR-based event capture and site-captured events adjudicated by a clinical endpoint committee in the multi-center INfluenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated heart failure (INVESTED) trial for participants from the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.

Correction: "Africans, we know how to adapt indeed": Adaptations to family planning and reproductive health services in humanitarian settings in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.

Cast vote records: A database of ballots from the 2020 U.S. Election.

Ballots are the core records of elections. Electronic records of actual ballots cast (cast vote records) are available to the public in some jurisdictions. However, they have been released in a variety of formats and have not been independently evaluated.

Assessing the landscape and charting paths: UK neurology trainees' opinions on neuroinflammation subspecialty.

Therapeutics of neuroinflammatory disorders including multiple sclerosis is one of the fastest growing areas in neurology. However, pressures on higher specialty training in neurology together with an expanding curriculum have led to challenges in adequately preparing trainees for a subspecialist career. In this study we set out to understand current perceptions and barriers to training in neuroinflammatory disorders among neurology trainees in the UK.

Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses.

Objective: Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical variables influence total testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The relationship between these factors and "free" T remains unclear. We examined 21 sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical predictors influencing calculated free T (cFT) in community-dwelling men across ages.

Outcomes Associated with a Patient Blood Management Program in Major Obstetric Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Obstetric patient blood management (PBM) strategies were used at Corniche Hospital in 2018, initially focusing on minimizing bleeding, with other clinical strategies implemented incrementally. This study assesses program outcomes in patients with major obstetric hemorrhage of 2000 mL or greater.

Methods: A retrospective study of 353 women admitted to The Corniche Hospital between 2018 and 2023 who experienced major obstetric hemorrhage of 2000 mL or greater.

Effects of dog ownership on children's social-emotional development: findings from the PLAYCE cohort study.

Introduction: Dog ownership is common in families with children and could play a role in children's social-emotional development. This study used longitudinal data on dog ownership and changing dog ownership to investigate their effects on young children's social-emotional development.

Methods: Parents reported family dog ownership when their child was aged 2-5 years and at 5-7 years.

Coping strategies for household water insecurity in rural Gambia, mediating factors in the relationship between weather, water and health.

Background: Rural communities in low- and middle-income countries, such as The Gambia, often experience water insecurity periodically due to climate drivers such as heavy rainfall and reduced rainfall, as well as non-climate drivers such as infrastructural issues and seasonal workloads. When facing these challenges households use a variety of coping mechanisms that could pose a risk to health. We aimed to understand the drivers of water insecurity (climate and non-climate), the behavioural responses to water insecurity and the risks these responses pose to the health of communities in rural Gambia and map these findings onto a conceptual framework.

Using disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis: Association of British Neurologists (ABN) 2024 guidance.

The Association of British Neurologists last published guidelines on disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2015. Since then, additional DMTs have been licensed and approved for prescribing within the National Health Service for relapsing-remitting MS, early primary progressive MS and active secondary progressive MS. This updated guidance provides a consensus-based approach to using DMTs.

Infrared Laser Ablation and Capture of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is a ubiquitous and invaluable resource for biomedical research and clinical applications. However, FFPE tissue proteomics is challenging due to protein cross-linking and chemical modification. Laser ablation sampling allows precise removal of material from tissue sections with high spatial control and reproducibility for offline proteomics by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.