J Med Imaging (Bellingham)
February 2023
Purpose: In this work, we endeavor to investigate how texture information may contribute to the response of a blur measure (BM) with motivation rooted in mammography. This is vital as the interpretation of the BM is typically not evaluated with respect to texture present in an image. We are particularly concerned with lower scales of blur () as this blur is least likely to be detected but can still have a detrimental effect on detectability of microcalcifications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImage processing has contributed greatly to the clinical applications of medical imaging. Many of the major developments have been stimulated by and reported at the Image Processing (IP) conference held annually as part of the SPIE Medical Imaging meeting. The evolution, focus, and impact of the IP conference is reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have demonstrated that patients can be identified from 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging data of the brain or head and neck. This presents a privacy and security concern for scan data released to public data sets. It is unknown whether thermoplastic immobilization masks used for treatment planning in radiation therapy are sufficient to prevent facial recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To provide an assessment of safety regarding high-dose-rate after-loading brachytherapy (HDR-BT) based on adverse events reported to the OpenFDA, an open access database maintained by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Methods: OpenFDA was queried for HDR-BT events between 1993 and 2019. A brachytherapist categorized adverse events (AEs) based on disease site, applicator, manufacturer, event type, dosimetry impact, and outcomes.
Background: Brain stimulation is utilized to treat a variety of neurological disorders. Clinical brain stimulation technologies currently utilize charge-balanced pulse stimulation. The brain may better respond to other stimulation waveforms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Active dynamic thermography (ADT) is a non-contact imaging technique that characterizes non-homogeneities in thermal conductance through objects as a response to applied energy stimulus. The aim of this study was to (i) develop a heat transfer model to define the relationship between thermal stimulation and resolution and (ii) empirically quantify the resolution an ADT imaging system can detect through a range of depths of human skin.
Materials And Methods: A heat transfer model was developed to describe a thermally non-conductive object below a sheet of skin.
An abnormal thermogram has been shown to be a reliable indicator of increased risk of breast cancer. Numerical modeling techniques for thermography are proposed to quantify the complex relationships between the breast thermal behaviors and the underlying physiological/pathological conditions. Previous thermal modeling techniques did not account for gravity-induced elastic deformation arising from various body postures, nor did they suggest that a dynamic thermal procedure may be used to enhance clinical diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTexture analysis for tissue characterization is a current area of optical coherence tomography (OCT) research. We discuss some of the differences between OCT systems and the effects those differences have on the resulting images and subsequent image analysis. In addition, as an example, two algorithms for the automatic recognition of bladder cancer are compared: one that was developed on a single system with no consideration for system differences, and one that was developed to address the issues associated with system differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Image Comput Comput Assist Interv
December 2008
To quantify the complex relationships between (1) the temperature, and temperature differences, on the surface of the breast as recorded by infrared thermal imaging and (2) the underlying physiological and pathological factors, we have developed a dynamic finite element method for comprehensive modeling of both the thermal and elastic properties of normal and tumorous breast tissues. In the steady state, the gravity-induced deformation is found to cause markedly asymmetric surface temperatures even though all thermal-elastic properties are symmetrical. In the dynamic state, the time course of breast thermal imaging in cold-stress and thermal-recovery procedures is found to be useful in characterizing the origins of the thermal contrast on the breast surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe vast majority of bladder cancers originate within 600 microm of the tissue surface, making optical coherence tomography (OCT) a potentially powerful tool for recognizing cancers that are not easily visible with current techniques. OCT is a new technology, however, and surgeons are not familiar with the resulting images. Technology able to analyze and provide diagnoses based on OCT images would improve the clinical utility of OCT systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiffusion is an important mechanism for molecular transport in living biological tissues. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides a unique probe to examine microscopic structures of the tissues in vivo, but current dMRI techniques usually ignore the spatiotemporal evolution process of the diffusive medium. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility to reveal the spatiotemporal diffusion process inside the human brain based on a numerical solution of the diffusion equation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
December 2007
This work assesses the usefulness of an objective, task-based image quality measure that is correlated with perceived image quality; the measure uses the most salient features contained within a medical image. Contributions include the development of a perceptually correlated metric that is useful for quantifying the salience of local, low-level visual cues and identifying those spatial frequencies that are most distinct and perhaps most relied upon by radiologists for decision making. A set of 40 mammograms and registered eye position data from nine observers was used to evaluate the salience metric.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell
November 2006
This paper considers binary classification. We assess a classifier in terms of the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). We estimate three important parameters, the conditional AUC (conditional on a particular training set) and the mean and variance of this AUC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Med Imaging
November 2003
In many cases the combined assessment of three-dimensional anatomical and functional images [single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT)] is necessary to determine the precise nature and extent of lesions. It is important, prior to performing the addition, subtraction, or any other combination of the images, that they be adequately aligned and registered either by experienced radiologists via visual inspection, mental reorientation and overlap of slices, or by an automated registration algorithm. To be useful clinically, the latter case requires validation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To determine the importance of polyp size, orientation to the scan plane, collimation, scanner type (single or multislice helical), and radiation dose on computed tomography (CT) colonography computer-aided detection.
Materials And Methods: Eight tissue-equivalent simulated polyps were placed into the interior of an air-filled acrylic tube placed within a water-filled box. Their sizes, expressed by diameter and height in millimeters, were 10 x 10, 10 x 7, 10 x 5, 10 x 3, 7 x 7, 7 x 5, 7 x 3, and 5 x 5.