Early life microbial succession in the gut follows common patterns in humans across the globe.

Characterizing the dynamics of microbial community succession in the infant gut microbiome is crucial for understanding child health and development, but no normative model currently exists. Here, we estimate child age using gut microbial taxonomic relative abundances from metagenomes, with high temporal resolution (±3 months) for the first 1.5 years of life.

Characterisation of precursory seismic activity towards early warning of landslides via semi-supervised learning.

This study demonstrates that machine learning from seismograms, obtained from commonly deployed seismometers, can identify the early stages of slope failure in the field. Landslide hazards negatively impact the economy and public through disruption, damage of infrastructure and even loss of life. Triggering factors leading to landslides are broadly understood, typically associated with rainfall, geological conditions and steep topography.

Inclusion and Exclusion - How Staff Experience Belonging at a Mental Health and Addiction Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study and the Implications.

The need for belonging is a fundamental human motivation. Despite the significance of belonging, many people struggle to feel a sense of it. Healthcare organizations continue to experience workforce shortages.

Climate displaces deposition as dominant driver of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in historically acidified lakes.

Unlabelled: Climate and atmospheric deposition interact with watershed properties to drive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes. Because drivers of DOC concentration are inter-related and interact, it is challenging to assign a single dominant driver to changes in lake DOC concentration across spatiotemporal scales. Leveraging forty years of data across sixteen lakes, we used structural equation modeling to show that the impact of climate, as moderated by watershed characteristics, has become more dominant in recent decades, superseding the influence of sulfate deposition that was observed in the 1980s.

Incidence and Predictors of Later Epilepsy in Neonates with Encephalopathy: The Impact of Electrographic Seizures.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of later epilepsy in full-term infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) who undergo continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring in the neonatal period and to identify potential predictors of later epilepsy both in infants with and without electrographic neonatal seizures (ENS).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study performed at Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland, between 2003 and 2019. All term infants with NE had a minimum of 2 h of cEEG monitoring in the neonatal period.

Screen-detected breast cancer and cancer stage by area-level deprivation: a descriptive analysis using data from the National Cancer Registry Ireland.

Breast cancer screening programmes can lead to better disease outcomes, but women from deprived backgrounds are less likely to participate and more likely to present with late-stage cancer. This study aimed to explore associations between deprivation and breast cancer screening outcomes in Ireland during 2009-2018. Data on all female breast cancer cases diagnosed in Ireland during 2009-2018 were extracted from the National Cancer Registry Ireland.

Applications of Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Methods to Immunoglobulins in the Clinical Laboratory.

Background: Immunoglobulin (Ig) measurements in the clinical laboratory have been traditionally performed by nephelometry, turbidimetry, electrophoresis, and ELISA assays. Mass spectrometry (MS) measurements have the potential to provide deeper insights on the nature of these markers.

Content: Different approaches-top-down, middle-down, or bottom-up-have been described for measuring specific Igs for endogenous monoclonal immunoglobulins (M-proteins) and exogenous therapeutic monoclonal antibody therapies (t-mAbs).

Acceptability and utility of a broad test battery to evaluate physical functioning and frailty in community-based settings for people experiencing homelessness and addiction-Findings from the LEAP trials.

Background: Physical function deficits and frailty are commonly reported in people experiencing homelessness and addiction. Typically, geriatric, or general physical performance measures are employed to evaluate these constructs.

Objectives And Setting: We aimed to investigate the feasibility of a broad test battery to evaluate physical functioning and frailty in a non-geriatric community-based population of people experiencing homelessness and addiction.

The potent PHL4 transcription factor effector domain contains significant disorder.

The phosphate-starvation response transcription-factor protein family is essential to plant response to low-levels of phosphate. Proteins in this transcription factor (TF) family act by altering various gene expression levels, such as increasing levels of the acid phosphatase proteins which catalyze the conversion of inorganic phosphates to bio-available compounds. There are few structural characterizations of proteins in this TF family, none of which address the potent TF activation domains.

Research for all: building a diverse researcher community for the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: The NIH All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is engaging a diverse community of more than 10 000 registered researchers using a robust engagement ecosystem model. We describe strategies used to build an ecosystem that attracts and supports a diverse and inclusive researcher community to use the All of Us dataset and provide metrics on All of Us researcher usage growth.

Materials And Methods: Researcher audiences and diversity categories were defined to guide a strategy.

Management of Post-transplant Infections in Collaborating Hospitals (MATCH) Programme: a prospective cohort of all transplant recipients at Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

Purpose: The Management of Post-transplant Infections in Collaborating Hospitals (MATCH) programme, initiated in 2011 and still ongoing, was created to 1) optimise the implementation of existing preventive strategies against viral infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and allogenic haematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and 2) advance research in the field of transplantation by collecting data from a multitude of sources.

Participants: All SOT and HSCT recipients at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, are followed in MATCH. By February 2021, a total of 1192 HSCT recipients and 2039 SOT recipients have been included.

Optimizing Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein and IgM-Gammopathy Testing for Neuropathy Treatment Evaluation.

Background And Objectives: Patients with typical anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy have IgM-gammopathy, mimic distal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and are treatment resistant. Anti-MAG patients go unrecognized when IgM-gammopathy is undetected or with atypical phenotypes. We investigated an optimal anti-MAG titration cutoff for excluding CIDP and the impact of IgM-gammopathy detection on neuropathy treatment evaluation without anti-MAG antibodies.

Timing of Stoma Closure in Neonates: the ToSCiN mixed-methods study.

Background: Neonates undergoing emergency abdominal surgery frequently require a stoma; closing this stoma with a second operation is an essential part of recovery. Timing of closure varies. Optimal timing is unclear and would be best resolved through a randomised controlled trial; such a trial is likely to be challenging.

Comparison of progression risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance by method of detection.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic pre-malignant disorder. The current standard of care is not to screen for MGUS, so it is often incidentally diagnosed in the clinic. It is unknown whether the outcomes of screened versus clinically detected MGUS differ.

Heatwave-Induced Paternal Effects Have Limited Adaptive Benefits in Offspring.

As the threat of climate change and associated heatwaves grows, we need to understand how natural populations will respond. Inter-generational non-genetic inheritance may play a key role in rapid adaptation, but whether such mechanisms are truly adaptive and sufficient to protect wild populations is unclear. The contribution of paternal effects in particular is not fully understood, even though the male reproductive system may be highly sensitive to heatwaves.

Machine learning models of cerebral oxygenation (rcSO) for brain injury detection in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

The present study was designed to test the potential utility of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO) in detecting term infants with brain injury. The study also examined whether quantitative rcSO features are associated with grade of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). We analysed 58 term infants with HIE (>36 weeks of gestational age) enrolled in a prospective observational study.

"Infantgram?" recruitment of infants to a clinical sleep study via social media.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to outline the strategy and outcomes of a study team in recruiting participants for an infant sleep study via social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, to assess the feasibility of recruitment via social media, and to quantitatively and qualitatively explore parental satisfaction and perceptions of recruitment via social media.

Methods: The assessing sleep in infants with early-onset atopic dermatitis by longitudinal evaluation (SPINDLE) study recruited infants with and without atopic dermatitis for a longitudinal study assessing sleep. Infants were recruited via social media and their parents were interviewed to explore their experience of recruitment via social media.

Retrograde Arterial Flow Secondary to Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome as a Contraindication to Gastroduodenal Artery Angioembolization.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition in which the median arcuate ligament (MAL) exerts external compression on the celiac trunk. Most cases are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on radiographic imaging; however, some patients may experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms related to foregut ischemia and/or celiac neuropathy. In the following case, we present a patient with hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum, which resulted in episodes of hemodynamic instability requiring multiple blood transfusions.

Cryo-EM and solid state NMR together provide a more comprehensive structural investigation of protein fibrils.

The tropomyosin 1 isoform I/C C-terminal domain (Tm1-LC) fibril structure is studied jointly with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This study demonstrates the complementary nature of these two structural biology techniques. Chemical shift assignments from solid state NMR are used to determine the secondary structure at the level of individual amino acids, which is faithfully seen in cryo-EM reconstructions.

Amitotic Cell Division, Malignancy, and Resistance to Anticancer Agents: A Tribute to Drs. Walen and Rajaraman.

Cell division is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Human cells undergo three types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and amitosis. The former two types occur in somatic cells and germ cells, respectively.