Morphological study of the popliteus muscle-tendon complex in formalin embalmed adult cadavers.

Background: The dimensions of popliteus muscle and its tendon are subjected to variability in the origin, mode of insertion, innervation patterns and vascular supply. The aim of this study was to measure the length, thickness and width of the popliteus muscle and its tendon at its different parts. The objectives were to study the topographic anatomy of the neurovascular structures of the popliteus and also to determine the dimensions of the popliteo-fibular ligament.

Outcome of resveratrol and resveratrol with donepezil combination on the β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

The goal of this research was to study the effect of different doses of resveratrol (RS) and RS with donepezil (DPZ) on the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The study included three months old male Albino  rats and consisted of six animal groups: AD model (group 1), treatment groups, RS 10 mg/kg body weight (group 2), RS 20 mg/kg body weight (group 3), RS 10 mg/kg body weight along with DPZ 1 mg/kg body weight (group 6), prophylaxis groups, RS 10 mg/kg body weight (group 4) and RS 20 mg/kg body weight (group 5). In the treatment groups, RS was given for 7 consecutive days from the day of induction of AD, and in the prophylaxis groups, we started RS 7 days even before the induction of AD and continued for seven days after the induction.

Morphometry of the thyroid cartilage, epiglottis and piriform sinus: An anatomical study.

Background: The goal was to measure the piriform sinus, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage in our sample population.

Methods: This study included 22 adult embalmed cadavers available in the Department of Anatomy. Dimensions were measured using a digital Vernier caliper.

Thickness and width of the menisci of adult knee joint: a descriptive cross-sectional observational study in cadavers.

Background: The goal was to determine the thickness and width of the knee joint meniscus at their different regions. The objective was to compare the dimensions at these regions and over the right- and left-sided specimens.

Methods: The present study included 50 adult cadaveric knee joints, and 100 menisci (50 medial menisci and 50 lateral menisci) were studied.

Virgin coconut oil - its methods of extraction, properties and clinical usage: a review.

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a processed edible oil, which is removed from the mature coconuts. It is a colourless water insoluble liquid and obtained by the hot and cold extraction processes. The nutritional components of VCO are mainly contributed to by lauric acid, its primary content.

Cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness with neurocognitive dysfunction in people living with HIV on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy.

The goal of this clinical research was to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), cardiovascular risk factors, and neuro-cognitive function in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and were on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study performed at a single center, including 149 patients who visited the anti-retroviral therapy center of our tertiary care hospital. Among the PLHIV of our research, 62.

Morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae in dried anatomical collections.

Background: The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.

Methods: This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements.

Role of in preventing depression, anxiety, and oxidative stress in long-term socially isolated rats.

Background And Aim: Social isolation stress (SIS) and individual housing have been shown to cause abnormal cognitive insufficiencies, altered anxiety levels, and signs of psychiatric diseases. (AC), commonly known as Sweet Flag, has been widely used in India to treat neurological, metabolic, and respiratory disorders, indicating its potential therapeutic value. This study aimed to determine the antidepressant and antioxidative effects of AC on rats subjected to long-term, social isolation-induced stress.

Effect of resveratrol and combination of resveratrol and donepezil on the expression of microglial cells and astrocytes in albino rats of colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: The goal was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol (RS) and combination therapy of RS and donepezil (DPZ), on the numerical expression of microglial cells and astrocytes, in the frontal cortex, regions of the hippocampus in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.

Methods: The study involved male albino rats of three months, age and consisted of 6 groups, with six animals each. The immunohistochemical staining with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD 68 and mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP was performed to assess the number of microglial cells and astrocytes, respectively.

Early diagnostic markers in predicting the severity of dengue disease.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the serum ferritin, the biomarker of an acute phase reactant and the gall bladder wall edema, an early indicator of capillary leakage can predict the severity of dengue fever. This study included 131 patients, who were between the age group of 18-80 years. The patients presented to our department with an acute illness, within the first four days of high temperature.

Delineation of Subarachnoid Cisterns Using CT Cisternography, CT Brain Positive and Negative Contrast, and a Three Dimensional MRI Sequence: A Pictorial Review.

The basic anatomy and morphology of subarachnoid cisterns of the brain are interesting and challenging topics with high clinical significance. These enlarged CSF-filled expansions are important as they transmit various neurovascular structures. The cisterns can be classified based on their location as supratentorial, at the level of the tentorium, and infratentorial.

Anatomical mapping of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by using indocyanine green dye.

Background: Fluorescent cholangiography using intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) is a noninvasive technique that enables real-time intraoperative imaging of biliary anatomy. The objective of this study was to visualise the biliary anatomy in routine and complicated cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients undergoing LC for various indications.

Hippocampus and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease: a review.

Hippocampus is the significant component of the limbic lobe, which is further subdivided into the dentate gyrus and parts of Cornu Ammonis. It is the crucial region for learning and memory; its sub-regions aid in the generation of episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is one of the brain areas affected by Alzheimer's (AD).

Dimensions of pes anserinus of the lower extremity, an anatomical study with its surgical implications.

The reconstructive surgeries utilize pes anserinus (PA) tendons, because of their lesser post-operative clinical deficits and donor site morbidity. These surgeries require anatomical knowledge about the extent of PA formation. The goal of this study was to determine the length and width of the PA formation.

Effect of Lesioning the Ventral Tegmental Area on Food Intake, Water Intake, Body Weight and Alcohol Consumption in Wistar Albino Rats.

Aim: To study the effect of lesion of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on food intake, water intake, alcohol consumption, and alcohol preference in the post-lesion period.

Material And Methods: A group of 38 young adult healthy male Wistar albino rats was included in this experiment. The groups of rats were subjected to the bilateral electrolytic lesion of VTA, and the effect on water intake, food intake, alcohol consumption, and alcohol preference in the post-lesion period was analyzed.

Unique case of duplex interventricular branching from the left coronary artery.

We report a rare morphological variant of the left coronary artery in this case of a female embalmed cadaver, where in the heart was nourished by double anterior and posterior interventricular arteries. These were branches of the left coronary artery and it was also observed that distribution of right coronary artery was very limited. The deceased may have been without symptoms in her life, but a prior knowledge of this kind of presentation would be very much informative to the interventional cardiologist and cardiothoracic surgeons in their protocol of treatment.

Exploring the Morphology of Anterior Interosseous Nerve and Relating It to Its Clinical Conditions.

Aim: To study topography and variability in the origin of anterior interosseous nerve; to identify the branching pattern of the anterior interosseous nerve supplying the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus muscles.

Material And Methods: The present study included 70 formalin-fixed upper limbs of adult human cadavers. The origin of the anterior interosseous nerve was categorized into 3 types.