Once-daily antiretroviral therapy among treatment-experienced Muslim patients fasting for the month of Ramadan.

Many countries with a considerable burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa and Asia also have a substantial Muslim population. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has led to reductions in HIV morbidity and mortality in those areas. However, for ART to remain durably effective its provision should be adapted to local and religious customary practices such as Ramadan fasting.

Anti-retroviral therapy among HIV infected travelers to Hajj pilgrimage.

Background: Many countries with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection also have substantial Muslim populations. HIV-infected patients who travel to Hajj in Saudi-Arabia may encounter challenges regarding their anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: In a cohort study in Nigeria, clinically stable patients on ART who were traveling for the 2008 to 2009 Hajj (Hajj-pilgrims [HP]) were selected and compared with consecutively selected Muslim patients who were clinically stable and traveled to and from distances within the country to access ART (non-pilgrims [NP]).