PSMA PET/CT in the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System reduces costs with futile salvage therapies in the management of cases of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare costs between treatment strategies employed prior to and after prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) via the Brazilian Unified Health Care System and their impact on the therapeutic management of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: The referring physicians were surveyed on their treatment intentions (strategies) at two different time points: prior to and after PSMA PET/CT. Cost comparison results are presented as median (IQR) for each of the two strategies.

Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Background: Patients with prostate cancer who have high-risk biochemical recurrence have an increased risk of progression. The efficacy and safety of enzalutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy and enzalutamide monotherapy, as compared with androgen-deprivation therapy alone, are unknown.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we enrolled patients with prostate cancer who had high-risk biochemical recurrence with a prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 9 months or less.

Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer in Brazil: An Analysis of a Private Healthcare System Database.

Background: With the ongoing expansion of life-prolonging therapies approved to treat advanced prostate cancer, there is currently an unmet need to better understand real-world treatment patterns and identify optimal treatment sequencing for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: In this retrospective, observational cohort analysis, patients with confirmed mCRPC were identified in the Auditron claims database and used to describe mCRPC treatment patterns and trends in the Brazilian private healthcare system from 2014 to 2019. Demographics and clinical characteristics, prostate cancer stage at diagnosis, and type and number of treatment lines were evaluated.

"Non-metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations by an Expert Panel from Brazil".

Introduction: Non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an important clinical stage of prostate cancer, prior to morbidity and mortality from clinical metastases. In particular, the introduction of novel androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) has changed the therapeutic landscape in nmCRPC. Given recent developments in this field, we update our recommendations for the management of nmCRPC.

Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

Methods: A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries.

[Not Available].

It is extremely important that health professionals involved in invasive procedures such as central venous access have a thorough knowledge of thoracic vascular anatomy. Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common congenital thoracic venous abnormality and is generally diagnosed as an incidental finding. We present the case of a 14-year-old female patient in whom a persistent left superior vena cava was diagnosed as an incidental finding of a control imaging exam after placement of a totally implantable venous catheter.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney.

Horseshoe kidney has an incidence rate ranging from 1 in 400 to 1 in 1000, with a 2:1 ratio in men. It also has a predilection for chromosomal aneuploidies. From a pathophysiology standpoint, this anomaly occurs during the second to sixth week of gestation when the inferior portion of the metanephric blastema fuses to form an isthmus, commonly in the lower renal pole (90%).

[Aberrant crypt foci and cancer of the colorectal junction: the correlation between beta-catenin/Ki-67 expression and the occurrence of early microscopic secondary lesions surrounding periphery colorectal cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in macroscopic normal mucosa surrounding colorectal cancers (CRC); additionally, analyze tumor progression from ACF to CRC by means of beta-catenin and Ki-67 expression.

Methods: Twenty-one surgical specimens showing colorectal junction adenocarcinoma were included. Macroscopic normal mucosa proximal and distal to the primary tumor was sampled at a distance of 1 and 5 cm in both sides.

[Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma].

Leiomyosarcoma of adrenal gland is an extremely rare tumor originating from the central adrenal vein or its tributaries. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr infection have a higher incidence of these tumors, but even in those, the overall incidence is very low. In this paper we report a case of a 48 year-old woman whose diagnosis was made by image exams that had suggested a mass in adrenal area.