The HPV and p63 Status in Penile Cancer Are Linked with the Infiltration and Therapeutic Availability of Neutrophils.

Squamous penile cancer displays a rare human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumor entity. Investigations on the molecular pathogenesis of HPV-driven penile cancer are impaired by the rareness of clinical specimens and, in particular, are missing relevant cell culture models. Here, we identified in HPV-positive penile cancer cell lines that HPV16 oncoproteins control expression by modulating critical regulators, while integration into the open reading frame facilitates oncogene expression.