A National Analysis of Pediatric Traumatic Duodenal Injuries.

Introduction: Traumatic duodenal injuries can be difficult to diagnose and manage due to their severity, rarity, and complexity. This study aimed to analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of children with duodenal injuries using a weighted, national database.

Methods: Cases of duodenal injury in patients <18 y of age were identified in a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database using International Classification of Diseases, 10 Revision Clinical Modification codes.

Assessing screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) compliance and disparities for pediatric inpatients at a tertiary care facility.

Background: Pediatric trauma centers are required to screen patients for alcohol or other drug use (AOD), Briefly Intervene, and Refer these patients to Treatment (SBIRT) to meet Level 1 and 2 trauma center requirements set by the American College of Surgeons. We evaluated if a mandatory electronic medical record tool increased SBIRT screening compliance for all trauma and non-trauma adolescent inpatients.

Methods: A SBIRT electronic medical record tool was implemented for pediatric inpatient AOD screening.

A national analysis of pediatric falls from a building.

Introduction: Falls remain the leading cause of unintentional pediatric trauma in the United States. Identifying risk factors for pediatric building falls would influence public health policy. We hypothesized that building falls disproportionately affect low income communities.

Pediatric snow sport injuries differ by age.

Background: Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death among pediatric patients. There were 13,436 injuries related to snow sports in those younger than 15 in 2015, with 4.8% requiring admission.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation Association with Infant Mortality.

Background: Practice patterns for the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants are changing with advances in medical management. We sought to determine the increased mortality for premature infants who had a PDA ligation with a co-existing diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Methods: Premature neonates (<1 y old with known gestational week ≤36 wk) with a diagnosis of IVH were identified within the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for the years 2006, 2009, and 2012.

Socioeconomic disparities in the comorbidities and surgical management of pediatric Crohn's disease.

Background: To examine differences in comorbidities and surgical management based on socioeconomics in hospitalized children with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Using the Kids' Inpatient Database for 2006-2012, we identified patients (<21 years) with a CD diagnosis. Cases were analyzed and stratified by median parental income by zip code.

The Evolution of Surgical Management for Children and Young Adults With Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Background: Few studies have analyzed pediatric spontaneous pneumothorax (SPTX) nationally. We sought to better define this patient population and explore the evolution of surgical management.

Methods: Patients (10-20 y old) with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of SPTX were identified within the Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 2006, 2009, and 2012.

Impact of Nutritional Deficiencies on Children and Young Adults with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Intraabdominal Surgery.

Purpose: We examined the impact of comorbidities on length of stay and total hospital charges for children and young adults with Crohn's Disease (CD) undergoing surgery.

Methods: Patients (<21 years) were identified with a diagnosis of CD and an intraabdominal surgery in the Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 2006, 2009 and 2012. Length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges (THC; USD$) were stratified by anemia, anxiety, depression and nutritional deficiency.

Toy Guns, Real Danger: An Update on Pediatric Injury Patterns Related to Nonpowder Weapons.

Background: Design changes of nonpowder guns, including BB and air guns, have significantly increased their potential to injure. We sought to characterize the demographics of children injured with nonpowder weapons and the specific injuries suffered.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the study years 2006, 2009, and 2012 was performed by combining the Kids' Inpatient Database into a single dataset.

Variable management strategies for NEC totalis: a national survey.

Background/objectives: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious disease linked to prematurity. A variant, NEC totalis, is associated with nearly 100% mortality. There is wide variation in counseling practices for NEC totalis.

Hospitalizations for pediatric dog bite injuries in the United States.

Background: Dog bites are a common cause of pediatric trauma requiring hospital admission. We aim to describe pediatric bite victims, associated injuries and interventions.

Methods: Children (≤18 years old) were identified with an ICD-9 diagnosis of dog bite in the Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 2006, 2009 and 2012.

Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Children and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Both adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) when compared with those without IBD. The risk factors for VTE in pediatric IBD patients, including those undergoing major surgery, have not been previously determined.

Materials And Methods: Patients (aged <21 y) were identified with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), diagnosis of IBD (555.

Routine postnatal chest x-ray and intensive care admission are unnecessary for a majority of infants with congenital lung malformations.

Background: Postnatal evaluation of prenatally identified congenital lung malformations (CLMs) often includes a chest x-ray (CXR) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission for observation. With current efforts aimed at prioritizing value and resource utilization, we sought to assess the utility of this practice in infants with known CLMs. We hypothesized that CXR and NICU admission are overused and could be deferred in the majority of cases.

Repair of a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm in a neonate using an everted jugular vein patch.

A 43-day-old boy presented with bacteremia after umbilical artery catheterization. Duplex ultrasound examination revealed a 1.1- × 1.

Novel application and serial evaluation of tissue-engineered portal vein grafts in a murine model.

Aim: Surgical management of pediatric extrahepatic portal vein obstruction requires meso-Rex bypass using autologous or synthetic grafts. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) provide an alternative, but no validated animal models using portal TEVGs exist. Herein, we preclinically assess TEVGs as portal vein bypass grafts.

Omental vein catheter thrombolysis for acute porto-mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is an uncommon clinical condition with potential high morbidity. We report here a patient who presented with acute-onset MVT and bowel infarction, which was successfully ameliorated with intramesenteric vein thrombolytic therapy.

Vascular tissue engineering: the next generation.

It is the ultimate goal of tissue engineering: an autologous tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) that is immunologically compatible, nonthrombogenic, and can grow and remodel. Currently, native vessels are the preferred vascular conduit for procedures such as coronary artery bypass (CABG) or peripheral bypass surgery. However, in many cases these are damaged, have already been harvested, or are simply unusable.

High-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are required for antidepressant effects of amitriptyline on behavior and hippocampal cell proliferation.

Background: A wide variety of antidepressants act as noncompetitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but the relationship between this antagonism and the therapeutic effects of antidepressants is unknown.

Methods: Antidepressant properties of the noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine in the forced swim test were tested alone and in combination with the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. Mice lacking high-affinity nAChRs were tested in three behavioral models to determine whether these receptors are required for behavioral effects of amitriptyline in common models of antidepressant action.

Alteration of hippocampal cell proliferation in mice lacking the beta 2 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis declines with age in parallel with decreased performance on a variety of hippocampal-dependent tasks. We measured the rate of cellular proliferation in the hippocampus of mice lacking the beta 2-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (beta 2-/- mice) at three ages: young adult (3 months old), fully adult (7-10 months old), and aged (22-24 months old). Consistent with previous studies, we observed an age-related decline in hippocampal proliferation in both groups.

Nestin promoter/enhancer directs transgene expression to precursors of adult generated periglomerular neurons.

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a major neurogenic region in the adult brain. Cells from the SVZ give rise to two populations of olfactory bulb interneurons: the granule cells and periglomerular (PG) cells. Currently, little is known about the signaling pathways that direct these newly generated neurons to become either granule or PG neurons.