Recombinant expression systems for production of stabilised virus-like particles as next-generation polio vaccines.

Polioviruses have caused crippling disease in humans for centuries, prior to the successful development of vaccines in the mid-1900's, which dramatically reduced disease prevalence. Continued use of these vaccines, however, threatens ultimate disease eradication and achievement of a polio-free world. Virus-like particles (VLPs) that lack a viral genome represent a safer potential vaccine, although they require particle stabilization.

Proportion of Angle Closure Glaucoma in Tamale, Ghana.

Prcis: In the largest clinic-based study to date, our review of 588 patients presenting with glaucoma in Northern Ghana revealed 36% of these had primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Objective: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. In Africa, glaucoma is an established public health problem, and PACG is not commonly discussed.

Long-Term Safety and Outcomes of β-radiation for Trabeculectomy.

Prcis: β-radiation is a neglected antiscarring therapy with past concerns for safety. This report found it safe and efficacious when used as an adjuvant to trabeculectomy surgery in 101 people (135 eyes) over 20 years.

Purpose: β-radiation has been used as an adjunct to prevent scarring in trabeculectomy surgery for many decades.

Evaluating the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Priming Fluids on Bleeding After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) predisposes young children to coagulopathy. The authors evaluated possible effects of CPB priming fluids on perioperative bleeding in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review of previously published studies.

Antifibrinolytic Drugs for the Prevention of Bleeding in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Bleeding is one of the commonest complications affecting children undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. Antifibrinolytic drugs are part of a multifaceted approach aimed at reducing bleeding, though sufficiently sized pediatric studies are sparse, and dosing algorithms are heterogeneous. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antifibrinolytic agents as well as the effectiveness of different dosing regimens in pediatric cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.

Characterizing adverse childhood experiences among children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) face elevated rates of postnatal environmental adversity across the lifespan.

Objective: We explored early adversity among children and adolescents with PAE.

Participants And Setting: Our sample included 333 children and adolescents with PAE assessed at a Canadian FASD diagnostic clinic, 66% of whom were diagnosed with FASD.

Glaucoma and glare.

Purpose: To determine whether a purpose-built glare tester, in combination with new glare-specific questions, can better assess glaucoma patients' experience of glare and visual disability than visual acuity (VA) or visual fields alone.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients attending for visual fields in a single glaucoma clinic from 03/06/2019-01/11/2019 underwent VA assessment using a Brightness Acuity Tester as a glare source, examination for media opacities, and completed the VFQ-25 with four additional glare-related questions. One hundred and sixteen eyes (64 patients) were included for analysis.

The cost and quality of life impact of glaucoma in Tanzania: An observational study.

Aims: To determine the cost and quality of life impact imposed by glaucoma in Tanzania, East Africa.

Methods: An expert panel of eye health professionals was convened to agree current glaucoma practice in Tanzania. In addition a structured patient survey was developed and administered.

Initial experience in self-monitoring of intraocular pressure.

Background/aims: Diurnal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) is a routine assessment in glaucoma management. Providing patients the opportunity to perform self-tonometry might empower them and free hospital resource. We previously demonstrated that 74% of patients can use the Icare® HOME tonometer.

Adherence with Medical Therapy for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Kenya - A Pilot Study.

Background/objectives: Adherence is a major challenge in topical glaucoma therapy, particularly in an African context. We report a pilot study assessing adherence independently for the first time in an African context.

Subjects/methods: Participants with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma received a weighed bottle of Lumigan 0.

Perceptions of training in gonioscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmology trainees' perception of their gonioscopy learning experience in the Ophthalmology Specialty Training programme.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted amongst ophthalmology trainees across London Deaneries. The ten questions survey collected parameters, including training grade, previous level of gonioscopy training, confidence in performing the procedure, level of satisfaction with the training formats received, potential barriers and improvements to the training programme.

A Survey of Emergency Department Quality Improvement Activities: Effective Fast Track Waiting Area Management.

This article describes the quality improvement process used to implement a waiting area within fast track. Staff and patient survey data indicated a significant decrease in workload, with a subsequent high satisfaction of both groups following the redesign process.

Long-term follow-up of phacotrabeculectomy surgery in Tanzania.

Introduction: The glaucomas often co-exist with cataract. We previously reported a large trial of anti-scarring treatment in combined phacotrabeculectomy surgery. Long-term outcomes in an African population are extremely rarely reported.

Correction: How do paper and electronic records compare for completeness? A three centre study.

Following the publication of the above article the authors noted an error in the author list, 2 authors were mistakenly omitted. Zena Rodrigues and Faisal Ahmed have now been added to the author list and the PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been corrected.

Success of trabeculectomy surgery in relation to cataract surgery: 5-year outcomes.

Aims: To compare success proportions at 5 years in three surgical groups: group 1, trabeculectomy alone; group 2, trabeculectomy followed by cataract surgery within 2 years; and group 3, trabeculectomy performed on a pseudophakic eye.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study. 194 eyes of 194 patients were identified with at least 5 years' follow-up post trabeculectomy (N=85, 60 and 49 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively).

Directed Evolution of for Increased Selenium Accumulation.

Selenium-enriched yeast (selenium yeast) are one of the most popular sources of selenium supplementation used in the agriculture and human nutritional supplements industries. To enhance the production efficiency of selenium yeast, we sought to develop a method to identify, and ultimately select for, strains of yeast with enhanced selenium accumulation capabilities. Selenite resistance of four genetically diverse strains of was assayed in various conditions, including varying carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and phosphate amounts, and they were correlated with selenium accumulation in a commercially relevant selenium-containing growth medium.

Glaucoma Control Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Clinical and Health Economic Evidence.

Purpose: A review of the effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of detection and treatment strategies for glaucoma control in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was conducted.

Methods: Detailed searches were performed using the Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases up to September 2016. The key Medical Subject Heading search terms used included glaucoma, diagnosis, treatment, effectiveness, costs, cost-effectiveness, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

How do paper and electronic records compare for completeness? A three centre study.

Objectives: Medical records are legal documentation of patients' care hence must be accurate and complete for both medical and legal purposes. Electronic patient record (EPR) systems aim to improve the accuracy of documentation, provide better organisation and access of data. This study compares the completeness of traditional note records and EPR in glaucoma patients.

Strategies for Prevention and Management of Bleeding Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Scoping Review.

Objective: We aimed to systematically describe, via a scoping review, the literature reporting strategies for prevention and management of mediastinal bleeding post pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register.

Study Selection: Two authors independently screened publications from 1980 to 2016 reporting the effect of therapeutic interventions on bleeding-related postoperative outcomes, including mediastinal drain loss, transfusion, chest re-exploration rate, and coagulation variables.