Spatial Transcriptomics Analysis: Maternal Obesity Impairs Myogenic Cell Migration and Differentiation during Embryonic Limb Development.

Limb muscle is responsible for physical activities and myogenic cell migration during embryogenesis is indispensable for limb muscle formation. Maternal obesity (MO) impairs prenatal skeletal muscle development, but the effects of MO on myogenic cell migration remain to be examined. C57BL/6 mice embryos were collected at E13.

Expression and secretion of SPARC, FGF-21 and DCN in bovine muscle cells: Effects of age and differentiation.

Skeletal muscle growth is an economically important trait in the cattle industry. Secreted muscle-derived proteins, referred to as myokines, have important roles in regulating the growth, metabolism, and health of skeletal muscle in human and biomedical research models. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of myokines in skeletal muscle and whole-body health, though little is known about the potential presence and functional significance of these proteins in cattle.

Myokines Produced by Cultured Bovine Satellite Cells Harvested from 3- and 11-Month-Old Angus Steers.

The myokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 15 (IL-15), myonectin (CTRP15), fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5/irisin (FNDC5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with skeletal muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and muscle hypertrophy in biomedical model species. This study evaluated whether these myokines are produced by cultured bovine satellite cells (BSCs) harvested from 3- and 11-month-old commercial black Angus steers and if the expression and secretion of these targets change across 0, 12, 24, and 48 h in vitro. , , and expression were greater ( ≤ 0.

Advanced Skeletal Ossification Is Associated with Genetic Variants in Chronologically Young Beef Heifers.

Osteogenesis is a developmental process critical for structural support and the establishment of a dynamic reservoir for calcium and phosphorus. Changes in livestock breeding over the past 100 years have resulted in earlier bone development and increased physical size of cattle. Advanced skeletal maturity is now commonly observed at harvest, with heifers displaying more mature bone than is expected at 30 months of age (MOA).

Understanding the Effects of Trenbolone Acetate, Polyamine Precursors, and Polyamines on Proliferation, Protein Synthesis Rates, and the Abundance of Genes Involved in Myoblast Growth, Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Protein Synthesis in Murine Myoblasts.

Research suggests that androgens increase skeletal muscle growth by modulating polyamine biosynthesis. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of anabolic hormones, polyamine precursors, and polyamines relative to proliferation, protein synthesis, and the abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, proliferation, and protein synthesis in C2C12 and Sol8 cells. Cultures were treated with anabolic hormones (trenbolone acetate and/or estradiol), polyamine precursors (methionine or ornithine), or polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine).

Inclusion of Grape Pomace in Finishing Cattle Diets: Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition.

Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in finishing cattle diet could possibly enhance product quality and the health value of beef lipids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a high amount of grape pomace in finishing cattle diets on carcass traits, product quality, and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef. Jersey × Holstein crosses (n = 24) were fed either a typical finishing diet (CON) or a finishing diet containing 58% grape pomace (DM basis; HGP).

Maternal Exercise Before and During Pregnancy Facilitates Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Maternal exercise (ME) improves fetal and offspring muscle development, but mechanisms remain to be established. Since the thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for cell differentiation during embryonic development, we hypothesized that ME elevates TH receptor (THR) signaling in embryos, which promotes embryonic myogenesis. Female mice were exercised daily on a treadmill or received a daily TH, triiodothyronine (T3) injection.

The dominant TP53 hotspot mutation in -mutant astrocytoma, R273C, has distinctive pathologic features and sex-specific prognostic implications.

Background: Infiltrative astrocytic tumors with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation frequently contain mutations in the tumor suppressor gene. Disruption of normal p53 protein activity confers neoplastic cells with a number of oncogenic properties and is a common feature of aggressive malignancies. However, the high prevalence of mutation and its pathogenic role in IDH-mutant (IDHmut) astrocytoma is not well understood.

The Impact of Polyamine Precursors, Polyamines, and Steroid Hormones on Temporal Messenger RNA Abundance in Bovine Satellite Cells Induced to Differentiate.

Emerging research suggests that hormones found in anabolic implants interact with polyamine biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of steroidal hormones, polyamines and polyamine precursors on bovine satellite cell (BSC) differentiation and polyamine biosynthesis temporally. Primary BSCs were induced to differentiate in 3% horse serum (CON) and treated with 10 nM trenbolone acetate (TBA), 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM TBA and 10 nM E2, 10 mM methionine, 8 mM ornithine, 2 mM putrescine, 1.

Optimum grape pomace proportion in feedlot cattle diets: ruminal fermentation, total tract nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites.

Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, the dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in ruminant diets can reduce reactive nitrogen (N) and methane emissions and enhance the shelf life and beneficial fatty acids (FAs) content of meat. However, the dietary inclusion of GP beyond a threshold that is still to be determined for feedlot cattle can also compromise nutrient supply and, thus, growth performance. This study investigated the optimum proportion of GP in finishing cattle diets.

Impact of beef carcass size on chilling rate, pH decline, display color, and tenderness of top round subprimals.

Beef carcass weights in the United States have continued to increase over the past 30 yr. As reported by the United States Department of Agriculture, grid-based carcass weight discounts begin when carcasses exceed 408 kg. Despite weight discounts, beef carcass weights continue to increase.

Ex-vivo quantification of ovine pia arachnoid complex biomechanical properties under uniaxial tension.

Background: The pia arachnoid complex (PAC) is a cerebrospinal fluid-filled tissue conglomerate that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater adheres directly to the surface of the brain while the arachnoid mater adheres to the deep surface of the dura mater. Collagen fibers, known as subarachnoid trabeculae (SAT) fibers, and microvascular structure lie intermediately to the pia and arachnoid meninges.

Assessing outcomes of genetic selection panels to predict marbling in crossbred beef cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic panel marbling indexes [Igenity (IT) and PredicGEN (PG)] to predict marbling and tenderness of crossbred cattle. Steers ( = 23) were harvested at the University of Idaho Meat Science Laboratory, and blood samples were submitted to Neogen and Zoetis for genetic panel analysis. Forty-eight hours postharvest, one boneless strip loin was collected from each carcass, and six 2.

Relationship between heifer carcass maturity and beef quality characteristics.

Our objective was to determine the relationship between heifer carcass maturity and beef palatability of the longissimus lumborum (LM) and biceps femoris (BF). Left sides of A ( = 30), B ( = 30), and C ( = 30) maturity heifer carcasses under 30 mo of age by dentition were used. Carcasses were selected to ensure similar marbling scores across maturity groups (Small to Modest).

Understanding the influence of trenbolone acetate and polyamines on proliferation of bovine satellite cells.

Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive at least one anabolic implant, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the complete molecular mechanism through which anabolic implants function to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. This study had 2 objectives: (1) determine the effect of polyamines and their precursors on proliferation rate in bovine satellite cells (BSC); and (2) understand whether trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has an impact on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.

Masson tumor (intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia) arising in a superficial temporal artery aneurysm.

Masson tumor (intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia) is a rare proliferation of endothelial cells within the wall of a vessel, often thought to represent an aberrant resolution of a thrombosis. We describe the unique case of a 75-year-old man who presented to the clinic with a tender, spontaneous aneurysmal dilation of his left superficial temporal artery (STA). Only 8% of all STA aneurysms are believed to be spontaneous true aneurysms, with the majority being post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms.

Histologic Appearance of Iatrogenic Obstructive Hydrocephalus in the Fetal Lamb Model.

Introduction: Documentation of histologic findings associated with congenital hydrocephalus in the fetal lamb model is a critical step in evaluating the efficacy of ventriculoamniotic shunting in the human fetus.

Methods: Four fetal sheep had hydrocephalus induced at approximately 95 days' gestation. Two co-twins remained as controls.

Monitoring Lung Mechanics during Mechanical Ventilation using Machine Learning Algorithms.

Evaluation of lung mechanics is the primary component for designing lung protective optimal ventilation strategies. This paper presents a machine learning approach for bedside assessment of respiratory resistance (R) and compliance (C). We develop machine learning algorithms to track flow rate and airway pressure and estimate R and C continuously and in real-time.

Comparison of pressure, volume and gas washout characteristics between PCV and HFPV in healthy and formalin fixed ex vivo porcine lungs.

Objective: This study employs a recently developed experimental technique for comparison of the flow characteristics and the effectiveness of gas washout between pressure control ventilation (PCV) and high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) in high-compliance and low-compliance ex vivo porcine respiratory tracts.

Approach: The ex vivo porcine lungs are filled with nitrogen prior to ventilating with atmospheric gas using either PCV or HFPV to investigate the flow characteristics and gas washout characteristics. The study considered freshly removed lungs from porcine carcasses that were humanely harvested for human consumption.

Subacute histopathological features in a case of varicella zoster virus myelitis and post-herpetic neuralgia.

Introduction: Post-herpetic neuralgia is a crippling complication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, also known as zoster disease. In rare cases, VZV spreads to the spinal cord and causes myelitis. There is a paucity of data on spinal cord histopathology in the subacute phase of post-herpetic neuralgia and VZV myelitis.

CNS Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Common hematopoietic origin for LCH-associated neurodegeneration and mass lesions.

Background: Central nervous system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CNS-LCH) brain involvement may include mass lesions and/or a neurodegenerative disease (LCH-ND) of unknown etiology. The goal of this study was to define the mechanisms of pathogenesis that drive CNS-LCH.

Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers including CSF proteins and extracellular BRAFV600E DNA were analyzed in CSF from patients with CNS-LCH lesions compared with patients with brain tumors and other neurodegenerative conditions.

Comparison of flow and gas washout characteristics between pressure control and high-frequency percussive ventilation using a test lung.

Objective: A comparison between flow and gas washout data for high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) and pressure control ventilation (PCV) under similar conditions is currently not available. This bench study aims to compare and describe the flow and gas washout behavior of HFPV and PCV in a newly designed experimental setup and establish a framework for future clinical and animal studies.

Approach: We studied gas washout behavior using a newly designed experimental setup that is motivated by the multi-breath nitrogen washout measurements.

Blueberry Cultivars Differ in Susceptibility to the Elephant Weevil, Orthorhinus cylindrirostris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The accumulated damage from elephant weevil larvae, Orthorhinus cylindrirostris (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), reduces blueberry yield and shortens the productive lifespan of blueberry plants by several years. Selective breeding to develop pest-resistant blueberry cultivars is a possible control option, but the relationship between O.

Strategies to improve beef tenderness by activating calpain-2 earlier postmortem.

Our objectives were to determine the effect of post rigor calcium chloride injection or freezing on 1) sarcoplasmic calcium concentration and calpain-2 activity of beef longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) steaks aged 1, 4, and 14days post-treatment and on 2) Warner-Bratzler shear force, water holding capacity, and consumer acceptability of LL and SM steaks aged 4 and 14days post-treatment. Free calcium levels in the calcium, frozen, and control steaks averaged 1256, 127, and 121μM for the LL and 1520, 120, and 111μM for the SM, respectively. Measurable LL native calpain-2 activity was lower in calcium and frozen steaks than control steaks (P<0.