Neurodegenerative fluid biomarkers are enriched in human cervical lymph nodes.

In animal models, brain neurodegeneration biomarkers drain into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and this drainage function is reduced with ageing. If this occurred in humans, CLNs may provide a readily accessible measure of this aspect of protein clearance. We tested this hypothesis in people using ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA).

Sharing is caring: TMEM165 a Golgi calcium importer used by the lysosome.

Calcium is a crucial second messenger in the cell that is stored in organelles including lysosomes. Proteins that facilitate calcium entry to the lysosome were unknown. A recent report by Zajac et al.

COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study 2: a national prospective CTA biomarker study of the lung apices, in patients presenting with suspected acute stroke (COVID SALES 2).

Background: Apical ground-glass opacification (GGO) identified on CT angiography (CTA) performed for suspected acute stroke was developed in 2020 as a coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in a retrospective study during the first wave of COVID-19.

Objective: To prospectively validate whether GGO on CTA performed for suspected acute stroke is a reliable COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and whether it is reliable for COVID-19 vaccinated patients.

Methods: In this prospective, pragmatic, national, multi-center validation study performed at 13 sites, we captured study data consecutively in patients undergoing CTA for suspected acute stroke from January-March 2021.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of LGI1-Antibody and CASPR2-Antibody Encephalitis.

Importance: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis encourages prompt initiation of immunotherapy toward improved patient outcomes. However, clinical features alone may not sufficiently narrow the differential diagnosis, and awaiting autoantibody results can delay immunotherapy.

Objective: To identify simple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics that accurately distinguish 2 common forms of autoimmune encephalitis, LGI1- and CASPR2-antibody encephalitis (LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E), from 2 major differential diagnoses, viral encephalitis (VE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Fine needle aspiration of human lymph nodes reveals cell populations and soluble interactors pivotal to immunological priming.

Lymph node (LN) fine needle aspiration (LN FNA) represents a powerful technique for minimally invasive sampling of human LNs in vivo and has been used effectively to directly study aspects of the human germinal center response. However, systematic deep phenotyping of the cellular populations and cell-free proteins recovered by LN FNA has not been performed. Thus, we studied human cervical LN FNAs as a proof-of-concept and used single-cell RNA-sequencing and proteomic analysis to benchmark this compartment, define the purity of LN FNA material, and facilitate future studies in this immunologically pivotal environment.

Uterine Prolapse in Pregnancy: A Review.

Importance: Although not a common occurrence, uterine prolapse during pregnancy can have significant effects for pregnancy outcomes and quality of life of maternal patients. Most data about management exist as case reports; a review of these cases provides some guidance about treatment options.

Objectives: This review examines current literature about uterine prolapse during pregnancy to assess current information about this condition, prevalence, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.

Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: A Review.

Importance: Pelvic girdle pain is often thought to be a recent phenomenon, but this condition was described as early as 400 BC by Hippocrates. Despite being identified for years, confusion continues about the definition and management of this ailment affecting many pregnancies.

Objective: The purpose of the review is to assess the incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and pregnancy outcomes/recovery of current pregnancies, and outcomes of future pregnancies complicated by pelvic girdle pain.

Predicting Uterine Rupture Risk Using Lower Uterine Segment Measurement During Pregnancy With Cesarean History: How Reliable Is It? A Review.

Importance: Uterine rupture during labor is a calamitous event that can result in maternal/neonatal morbidity/mortality. Lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement is a proposed method to determine the risk factor of uterine rupture in women undergoing trial of labor after cesarean. Does this measurement predict uterine rupture risk?

Objectives: This review examines current evidence to determine if a thin LUS ultrasound diagnosis during pregnancy with prior cesarean delivery(s) can reliably predict uterine rupture risk while attempting vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC).

A bump in the night: a 15-year retrospective analysis of urgent inpatient and emergency CT reporting out of hours in a tertiary referral centre.

Aim: To assess the impact on specialty trainee (ST) experience of out-of-hours (OOH) working, focusing on what might be improved with both patient safety and staff wellbeing in mind.

Materials And Methods: The number of acute computed tomography (CT) examinations reported OOH over the last 15 years (2007-2021) at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust was analysed. Qualitative data from the radiology STs participating in the acute OOH rotas were obtained using questionnaires during winter months in 2019 and 2021, before and after the introduction of an OOH CT outsourcing service in 2020.

Occam versus Hickam.

A 23-year-old man presented with new onset horizontal diplopia 5 months after a left orbital floor fracture. Examination revealed bilateral abduction deficits and disc swelling. Urgent MRI and MRI showed no significant abnormalities in the CNS.

Thrombus Distribution in Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination.

Vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. An association between vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and one of these vaccines, the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine, is now recognized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and location of thrombosis in each vascular system using CT, MRI, and US to identify additional sites of thrombus in a United Kingdom-wide sample of patients with confirmed VITT.

Using Variable Flip Angle (VFA) and Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping in clinical OE-MRI.

Background And Purpose: The imaging technique known as Oxygen-Enhanced MRI is under development as a noninvasive technique for imaging hypoxia in tumours and pulmonary diseases. While promising results have been shown in preclinical experiments, clinical studies have mentioned experiencing difficulties with patient motion, image registration, and the limitations of single-slice images compared to 3D volumes. As clinical studies begin to assess feasibility of using OE-MRI in patients, it is important for researchers to communicate about the practical challenges experienced when using OE-MRI on patients to help the technique advance.

Hypothesis: Modulation of microglial phenotype in Alzheimer's disease drives neurodegeneration.

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be elucidated. The amyloid hypothesis holds explanatory power but has limitations. This article suggests that amyloid deposition and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier are independent early events in the disease process, which together fashion a distinct microglial activation phenotype.

Machine Learning for Health: Algorithm Auditing & Quality Control.

Developers proposing new machine learning for health (ML4H) tools often pledge to match or even surpass the performance of existing tools, yet the reality is usually more complicated. Reliable deployment of ML4H to the real world is challenging as examples from diabetic retinopathy or Covid-19 screening show. We envision an integrated framework of algorithm auditing and quality control that provides a path towards the effective and reliable application of ML systems in healthcare.

Suspected orbital myositis associated with COVID-19.

A 44-year-old male patient developed proptosis, edema, and erythema progressing to complete ptosis and supraduction deficit 2 days after positive COVID-19 test. He failed to improve on systemic antibiotics. MRI showed thickening and T2 enhancement of the superior rectus/levator complex consistent with orbital myositis.

Pediatric Eye Emergency Department Visits: Retrospective Review and Evaluation.

Purpose: To assess the epidemiology of pediatric ocular conditions presenting to an ophthalmic emergency department and analyze the incidence of ocular trauma and other ophthalmic diagnoses.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients seen in an urban eye emergency department over a 1-year period. The following variables were examined: visit date, demographics, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and level of patient care.

Incidental findings in a referral pathway for non-specific cancer symptoms.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine the prevalence of incidental findings and define the rate and outcomes of further investigations in a referral pathway for patients with non-specific cancer symptoms.

Material And Methods: Incidental findings in each category of a structured report were documented and details of subsequent investigations were obtained from the local PACS and Electronic Patient Record system.

Results: 1034 patients were included.

Monocular visual loss as the presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection.

Background And Importance: Additional time is needed to determine the exact impact of COVID-19 on acute cerebrovascular disease incidence, but recently published data has correlated COVID-19 to large vessel occlusion strokes.

Clinical Presentation: We report the first case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) as the initial manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Subsequent neuroimaging revealed a large thrombus extending into the internal carotid artery.

Diagnostic accuracy of initial chest radiograph compared to SARS-CoV-2 PCR in patients with suspected COVID-19.

Objective: The chest radiograph (CXR) is the predominant imaging investigation being used to triage patients prior to either performing a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or a diagnostic CT scan, but there are limited studies that assess the diagnostic accuracy of CXRs in COVID-19.To determine the accuracy of CXR diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with PCR in patients presenting with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19.

Methods And Materials: The CXR reports of 569 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were reviewed, blinded to the PCR result and classified into the following categories: normal, indeterminate for COVID-19, classic/probable COVID-19, non-COVID-19 pathology, and not specified.

Human Placenta-Derived ECM Supports Tri-Lineage Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for future applications in drug discovery and cell therapies. hPSC culture protocols require specific substrates and medium supplements to support cell expansion and lineage specific differentiation. The animal origin of these substrates is a severe limitation when considering the translation of hPSC derivatives to the clinic and disease modeling.

Dataset on a primary lithium battery cell with a ferroelectric Li-glass electrolyte and MnO cathode.

Here we show the electrochemical data for a Ferroelectric Electrolyte Battery (FEB) Li/ferroelectric Li-glass electrolyte (LiBaClO) in cellulose/γ-MnO pouch-cell with (2.5 × 2.5 cm) discharged with a green LED load.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in an urban, ophthalmic population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in an adult ophthalmic patient population and to delineate correlates.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Adult patients (⩾18 years) were approached in general and sub-specialty cornea, retina, and glaucoma ophthalmic clinics.