Retrograde vs. antegrade fl exible nephroscopy for detection of residual fragments following PNL: A prospective study with computerized tomography control.

Introduction: The main aim of stone surgery is to establish stone free status. Performing fl exible nephroscopy is an effective tool in this manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of retrograde fl exible nephroscopy for detection of residual fragments following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in comparison with antegrade approach.