Redifferentiation Therapies in Thyroid Oncology: Molecular and Clinical Aspects.

Since the 1940s, 131-I radioiodine therapy (RIT) has been the primary treatment for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Approximately half of these patients respond favorably to RIT, achieving partial or complete remission or maintaining long-term stable disease, while the other half develop radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAI-R DTC). The main genomic alteration involved in radioiodine resistance is the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which results in the loss of sodium iodide symporters (NIS).

Impact of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) on spleen volume in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a novel therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer, combining the targeted action of trastuzumab with the cytotoxic effects of emtansine. Although T-DM1 has demonstrated greater efficacy and safety compared to traditional therapies, concerns about hepatotoxicity and spleen-related complications have arisen.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 64 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with T-DM1 at our institution.

Thyroglobulin measurement is the most powerful outcome predictor in differentiated thyroid cancer: a decision tree analysis in a European multicenter series.

Objectives: An accurate prognostic assessment is pivotal to adequately inform and individualize follow-up and management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We aimed to develop a predictive model for recurrent disease in DTC patients treated by surgery and I by adopting a decision tree model.

Methods: Age, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, risk classes, remnant estimation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), administered I activities and post-therapy whole body scintigraphy (PT-WBS) were identified as potential predictors and put into regression algorithm (conditional inference tree, c-tree) to develop a risk stratification model for predicting persistent/recurrent disease over time.

Plasmacytoma and Amyloid Lymphadenopathy, FDG, and Fluorocholine.

A 56-year-old man with thoracal mass suspected of solitary plasmacytoma was referred for 18 F-FDG PET-CT scan. His PET-CT revealed FDG-avid rib mass and cervical lesion at level 2. He also underwent 18 F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET-CT to evaluate possible metastatic spread of the disease.

Theranostics of Thyroid Cancer.

Molecular imaging is pivotal in evaluating and managing patients with different thyroid cancer histotypes. The existing, pathology-based, risk stratification systems can be usefully refined, by incorporating tumor-specific molecular and molecular imaging biomarkers with theranostic value, allowing patient-specific treatment decisions. Molecular imaging with different radioactive iodine isotopes (ie, I, I, I) is a central component of differentiated carcinoma (DTC)'s risk stratification while [F]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET/CT is interrogated about disease aggressiveness and presence of distant metastases.

Integrated Diagnostics of Thyroid Nodules.

Thyroid nodules are common findings, particularly in iodine-deficient regions. Our paper aims to revise different diagnostic tools available in clinical thyroidology and propose their rational integration. We will elaborate on the pros and cons of thyroid ultrasound (US) and its scoring systems, thyroid scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), molecular imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI).

Pretest PSA and Restaging PSMA PET/CT Predict Survival in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Background: A biochemical recurrence (BCR) risk model was created based on pretest prostate specific antigen (PSA) and groupings by restaging prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT.

Methods: A cohort of 1216 BCR patients were analyzed for overall survival (OS) according to the PSA threshold and restaging PSMA PET/CT. A Cox regression analysis of OS was carried out to detect significant clinical characteristics.

Molecular Theranostics in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer and has an excellent overall prognosis. However, metastatic DTC in certain cases may have a poor prognosis as it becomes radioiodine-refractory. Molecular imaging is essential for disease evaluation and further management.

Unexpected Axillary Lymph Node Uptake During Lower-Limb Lymphoscintigraphy in a Case With Vulvar Lymphangioma Circumscriptum.

Lymphoscintigraphy is a safe, minimally invasive, and well-established imaging modality for evaluating lymphatic drainage in patients with suspected lymphedema. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with lymphangioma circumscriptum of the labium majora. She was referred to lymphoscintigraphy for swelling of the lower extremities.

Value of Dynamic F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting the Success of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: This prospective study was planned to compare the predictive value of dynamic F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in locally advanced breast cancer patients (LABC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: Twenty seven patients with LABC [median age: 47, (26-66)] underwent a dynamic F-FDG PET study at baseline, and after 2-3 cycles of (NAC) were included (interim). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) values and SUV ratios for the 2, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and dynamic curve slope (SL) values and SL ratios were measured using F-FDG dynamic data.

Postoperative thyroglobulin as a yard-stick for radioiodine therapy: decision tree analysis in a European multicenter series of 1317 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: An accurate postoperative assessment is pivotal to inform postoperative I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We developed a predictive model for post-treatment whole-body scintigraphy (PT-WBS) results (as a proxy for persistent disease) by adopting a decision tree model.

Methods: Age, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, risk classes, remnant estimation, TSH, and Tg were identified as potential predictors and were put into regression algorithm (conditional inference tree, ctree) to develop a risk stratification model for predicting the presence of metastases in PT-WBS.

Prognostic factors of overall and prostate-specific antigen-progression-free survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with Lu-PSMA-617. A single-center prospective observational study.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is characterized by heterogeneity among patients as well as therapy responses due to diverse genetic, epigenetic differences, and resistance mechanisms. At this stage of the disease, therapy modalities should be individualized in light of the patients' clinical state, symptoms, and genetic characteristics. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of patients with mCRPC treated with Lutetium labeled PSMA-617 therapy (PSMA-RLT), as well as baseline and therapy-related parameters associated with survival.

Correction: von Eyben et al. A Risk Model for Patients with PSA-Only Recurrence (Biochemical Recurrence) Based on PSA and PSMA PET/CT: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. 2022, , 5461.

In the original publication [...

A Risk Model for Patients with PSA-Only Recurrence (Biochemical Recurrence) Based on PSA and PSMA PET/CT: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

An individual patient meta-analysis followed 1216 patients with PSA-only recurrence (biochemical recurrence, BCR) restaged with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT before the salvage treatment for median 3.5 years and analyzed the overall survival (OS). A new risk model included a good risk group with a prescan PSA < 0.

Diagnostic Performance of Tc-Methoxy-Isobuty-Isonitrile (MIBI) for Risk Stratification of Hypofunctioning Thyroid Nodules: A European Multicenter Study.

Tc-MIBI (MIBI) imaging is able to exclude malignancy of hypofunctioning thyroid nodules (TNs) with high probability but false positive results are frequent due to low specificity. Therefore, pre-test selection of appropriate TNs is crucial. For image evaluation visual and semiquantitative methods (Washout index, WOInd) are used.

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Pituitary Carcinoma.

A 47-year-old woman with atypical pituitary adenoma was referred to the neurosurgery department due to recent back pain. She had multiple transsphenoidal surgery, stereotactic body radiation, and 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Her spinal MRI showed multiple spinal masses.

Role of indocyanine green combined with radiotracer-Technetium 99 m in neck surgery for primary and recurrent head and neck cancer: preliminary results of a tertiary cancer center.

Purpose: Neck dissection (ND), whether therapeutic or elective, is an essential component of the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to altered anatomy and fibrosis caused by initial treatments, surgeons face challenges during salvage ND. A combination of Technetium-99 m and indocyanine green (ICG) previously used in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for oral cavity cancers, may be useful in different types of neck surgeries.

Treatment of Glucagonoma-Related Necrolytic Migratory Erythema With Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.

Glucagonomas are rare types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. They may present with a clinical entity called glucagonoma syndrome, which includes necrolytic migratory erythema as a skin component. Here we present a 26-year-old woman experiencing ongoing skin lesions, excessive weight loss, and nausea.

Clinical parameters and nomograms for predicting lymph node metastasis detected with Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in prostate cancer patients candidate to definitive radiotherapy.

Background: Defining the extent of disease spread with imaging modalities is crucial for therapeutic decision-making and definition of treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether clinical parameters and nomograms predict prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive lymph nodes in treatment-naïve nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC) patients.

Materials And Methods: The clinical data of 443 PC patients (83.