Retro- and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Introduction: Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with an olfactory deficit is defined as Kallmann syndrome and is distinct from normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Objective: Because olfactory perception not only consists of orthonasally gained impressions but also involves retronasal olfactory function, in this study we decided to comprehensively evaluate both retronasal and orthonasal olfaction in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Methods: This case-control study included 31 controls and 45 idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients.

Ototoxicity of boric acid powder in a rat animal model.

Introduction: Boric acid, which has antiseptic and acidic properties, is used to treat external and middle ear infections. However, we have not found any literature about the effect of boric acid powder on middle ear mucosa and inner ear.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate possible ototoxic effects of boric acid powder on cochlear outer hair cell function and histological changes in middle ear mucosa in a rat animal model.

Olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with non-complicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate any possible relationship between diabetic state and olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with non-complicated diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), and also to present evidence of the association between olfactory and gustatory scores and HbA1c values and disease durations. The study included 39 patients with non-complicated T1D and 31 healthy controls. Clinical characteristics such as age, gender, duration of disease, education levels and biochemical analyses (fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglyceride, HbA1c, C-peptide, postprandial blood glucose) were measured.

The protective effects of different treatments on rat salivary glands after radiotherapy.

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities for minimizing salivary gland damage caused by radiotherapy. Forty rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 had no irradiation or any treatment.

Olfactory functions in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: correlations with the severity of the disease.

It is well known that psoriasis is not only limited to skin, but a systemic autoimmune disease with various comorbidities. Olfactory dysfunction, one of as a common but lesser known symptom of patients with autoimmune diseases, often presents with smell loss. The aim of this study was to assess the olfactory functions in patients with psoriasis and to compare with healthy controls.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Has Negative Effects on Taste and Smell Functions.

Objective: We evaluated the halimetric, olfactory, and taste functions of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Multicenter tertiary care hospital.

Olfactory and Gustatory Functions after Anterior Palatoplasty in Patients with Primary Snoring.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the chemical senses (namely, olfaction), the 4 basic tastes, and umami taste in patients who underwent anterior palatoplasty (AP) for primary snoring.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Multicenter, tertiary care hospitals.

Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen and steroid therapy in treatment of hearing loss following acoustic trauma.

Introduction: Most commonly used treatment modalities for acute acoustic trauma (AAT) include steroid and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of combined steroid and HBO2 therapy in patients who develop AAT during firearms training and the effect of delay to treatment on treatment success.

Materials And Methods: Patients admitted with the complaint of hearing loss after firearms training between January 2011 and April 2013 were evaluated retrospectively.

Cross-culturally modified University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test for a Turkish population.

Background: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is a well-developed and popular olfactory test, which has been validated in various populations. However, there was only one study in a Turkish population, and this study indicated that the North American version of the UPSIT was not enough to evaluate the olfactory functions of Turkish population. So, we developed a cross-cultural adaptation of the UPSIT, the UPSIT-Turkish (UPSIT-T).

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in Myasthenia gravis: A study in Turkish patients.

Objective: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is commonly viewed as a muscle disorder. Less is known about neurosensory function and dysfunction in MG. We aim to evaluate olfactory and gustatory behavior in Turkish patients with MG, and compare these results with age and sex-matched healthy controls.

Modified olfactory training in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss.

Objectives/hypothesis: Patients with olfactory dysfunction benefit from repeated exposure to odors, so-called olfactory training (OT). This does not mean occasional smelling but the structured sniffing of a defined set of odors, twice daily, for a period of 4 months or longer. In this prospective study, we investigated whether the effect of OT might increase through the use of more odors and extension of the training period.

A Study on Olfactory Dysfunction in Turkish Population with using Survey Method and Validated Olfactory Testing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life (QOL), and to investigate olfactory dysfunction related self-reported clinical features in Turkish population. The participants were questioned about the presence of any olfactory dysfunction. Participants with a complaint of olfactory dysfunction were asked to fill out a survey and then a validated olfactory test was performed.

The evaluation of olfactory function in individuals with chronic halitosis.

Halitosis and olfactory dysfunction may disrupt an individual's quality of life remarkably. One may ask whether halitosis has effects on olfactory functions or not? Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the olfactory abilities of subjects with chronic halitosis evaluated using the measurements of volatile sulfur compounds. This study was carried out in 77 subjects, with a mean age of 40.

The effect of hyperbaric conditions on olfactory functions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased atmospheric pressure (AP) on olfactory function.

Subjects And Methods: The present study included 40 healthy volunteers with no history of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. The experimental procedure consisted of two episodes: (a) baseline episode, with normal AP; 1 absolute atmosphere (atm abs) in a test room at sea level; (b) experimental episode, increased level of AP; 2.

The effect of high altitude on nasal nitric oxide levels.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels change in relation to high altitude in a natural setting where the weather conditions were favorable. The present study included 41 healthy volunteers without a history of acute rhinosinusitis within 3 weeks and nasal polyposis. The study group consisted of 31 males (76 %) and 10 females (24 %) and the mean age of the study population was 38 ± 10 years.

Postoperative changes in olfactory function after transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: Transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (TCL-DCR) is used much in recent years for the surgery of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Although TCL-DCR is accepted to be minimally invasive, safe, and effective, there is no report focusing on postoperative changes in olfactory function after this procedure. Hence, the aim of this current study was to investigate the changes in olfactory function after TCL-DCR procedure.

Is there an association between olfactory bulb volume and the Keros type of fossa olfactoria?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the volume of the olfactory bulb (OB), the depth of the olfactory sulcus (OS), the depth of the fossa olfactoria (FO), and the height of the OB.

Methods: A total of 54 patients participated (9 women and 45 men; mean [SD] age, 27 [38] y; range, 20-45 y). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 1.

Clinical assessment of olfactory functions in children who underwent adenotonsillectomy during pre- and post-operative period.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of both ortho- and retronasal olfactory function in children who underwent adenotonsillectomy (AT) operation due to infectious and/or obstructive adenotonsillar disease.

Material And Methods: A total of 25 children with adenotonsillar disease are included in the study; the children were followed for 6 months in the conducted clinics and underwent AT operation. An age- and sex-matched control group was constituted with 25 healthy children free of adenotonsillar disease.

An investigation of retronasal testing of olfactory function in a Turkish population.

Background: The aim of this study was: (1) to perform a preliminary study for the validation of ''retronasal olfactory testing'' in the Turkish population to find the best way to evaluate smell and taste disorders in Turkey; (2) to determine if cultural differences make application of the test more difficult; and (3) to determine the flavors that participants had not yet tasted by using the survey method.

Material And Methods: The study included 330 volunteers. Orthonasal olfactory function was assessed psycho-physically using the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test.

Grade 4 tonsillar hypertrophy associated with decreased retronasal olfactory function: a pilot study.

Tonsillar hypertrophy is common in children, but it can also be present in adults. Enlarged tonsils, a significant anatomical barrier, may affect the flow of odor molecules from the oral cavity to the nasal passages, which has not yet been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the mass effect of palatine tonsillar hypertrophy on retronasal olfaction.

Lateralized differences in olfactory function and olfactory bulb volume relate to nasal septum deviation.

One of the most common reasons for partial nasal obstruction is nasal septal deviation (NSD). The effect of a partial lateralized nasal obstruction on olfactory bulb (OB) volume remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the side differences in olfactory function and OB in patients with serious NSD.

Comparison of totally occlusive nasal pack, internal nasal splint, and transseptal suture technique after septoplasty in terms of immediate respiratory distress related to anesthesia and surgical complications.

Conclusion: The patients who underwent septoplasty with bilateral totally occlusive nasal packing had an increased risk of experiencing respiratory distress (RD).

Objective: To compare the immediate RD rates during recovery from anesthesia and surgical complications of totally occlusive nasal pack, internal nasal splint, and transseptal suture technique.

Methods: A total of 150 patients were assigned to one of three groups according to the technique utilized following septoplasty: transseptal suturing, internal nasal splint, or Merocel (nasal dressing without airway).

The applicability of the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test in a Turkish population.

Background: Olfactory assessment is often neglected in clinical practice, although olfactory loss can assist in diagnosis and may lead to significant morbidity. "Sniffin' Sticks" is a modern test of nasal chemosensory performance that was developed in Germany and validated in many countries. Our aim was to validate the applicability of "Sniffin' Sticks" in a Turkish population.