Biosensors for the detection of pathogenic bacteria: current status and future perspectives.

Pathogenic microorganisms pose significant threats to human health, food safety and environmental integrity. Rapid and accurate detection of these pathogens is essential to mitigate their impact. Fast, sensitive detection methods such as biosensors also play a critical role in preventing outbreaks and controlling their spread.

Assessment of the levels of some prognostic biomolecules (galectins, ACE2, SCUBE1/2/3) in COVID-19 patients.

Our aim was to investigate the differences between healthy people and COVID-19 patients in terms of some immunological biomolecules, especially including those related to the inflammation process. A total of 180 participants (90 healthy controls and 90 COVID-19 patients) were included. The expression levels of eight different inflammation-related biomolecules were measured by the ELISA technique.

Two flavonoids, baicalein and naringin, are effective as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents in a rat model of polymicrobial sepsis.

Introduction: In this study, our aim was to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of these two flavonoids, baicalein, and naringin, in 50 and 100 mg/kg doses applied both before and after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedures in a polymicrobial sepsis rat model, and evaluate the possible contribution of oxidative and inflammatory markers by immunological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological methods.

Methods: Sixty-six Wistar albino rats were divided into 11 groups. The pro-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and IL-10) cytokine levels were measured by ELISA technique.

All Microbiological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

The COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first seen in Wuhan (China) on December 31, 2019, rapidly spread to cities, countries, and continents and was noted in history as the first pandemic caused by coronaviruses. According to the World Health Organization reports, more than 645 million confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive cases and more than 6.5 million confirmed deaths were noted all over the world during the pandemic (between December 2020 and December 2022).

Follow-up study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in COVID-19 patients up to 6 months after infection.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 and antibody levels of COVID-19 patients 3 and 6 months from the disease. A total of 156 participants were divided into two groups, Group 1: lung involvement (LI)-positive and Group 2: LI-negative. Biochemical parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured.

Molecular characterization, phylogenetic and variation analyses of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Turkey.

We present the sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis for 47 complete genomes for SARS-CoV-2 isolates on Turkish patients. The Illumina MiSeq platform was used for sequencing the libraries. The SNPs were detected by using Genome Analysis Toolkit - HaplotypeCaller v.

The effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on antibody response in participants aged 65 years and older.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibody responses after the two doses of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations in people who were above 65 years old and to evaluate the factors affecting this response. A total of 235 participants aged 65 years and older were included. Blood samples were taken and data about age, gender, comorbid diseases, and presence of side effects after vaccination were noted.

Prevalence of COVID-19 in 10,000 samples from 7853 patients in Eastern Turkey by positive real-time PCR.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, started in December 2019 and has spread across the world. We analyzed real-time PCR results of 10,000 samples from 2 April to 30 May 2020 in three neighbor cities located in the East of Turkey. The final study population was 7853 cases, after excluding screening tests.

Saliva samples for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Background: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has been rapidly spreading throughout the world with confirmed case numbers already exceeding 75 million. Although nasopharyngeal swabs are the most commonly utilized samples for based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection, collecting these specimens requires healthcare workers and necessitates the use of personal protective equipment as it presents a nosocomial transmission risk. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of saliva samples in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with confirmed Covid-19.

Serological Investigation of Occupational Exposure to Zoonotic Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infection.

Objective: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute and highly fatal disease. In this study, our aim was to compare and evaluate the prevalence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) antibody among occupational high-risk groups by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and draw attention to the occupational groups that are at high risk for CCHF infection in an endemic region for this zoonotic infection in Erzurum, Turkey.

Materials And Methods: The antibody levels against CCHFV were surveyed among slaughterhouse workers, animal breeders, and veterinarians.

The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and protective effects of a probiotic mixture on organ toxicity in a rat model.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of probiotic bacteria, especially and strains, on 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-induced toxicity. For this reason, we evaluated the relationship between probiotics and toxicity by checking immunological and immunohistochemical parameters. Probiotic pretreatment was applied to 36 Wistar albino rats for 12 consecutive days.

The effects of mucosal media on some pathogenic traits of Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli LF82.

Aim: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathovar has been identified in intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Our aim was to compare the impact of sterile mucosal media (Muc-M) originated from different parts of the intestine on some pathogenic traits of AIEC LF82 strain.

Materials & Methods: Muc-M composed of certain rates of cell culture medium or M63 minimal medium and mucosal contents obtained from different part of intestine were designed for cell-infection experiments and biofilm-formation assays.

Intravitreal Infliximab Injection to Treat Experimental Endophthalmitis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of an intravitreal injection of infliximab and of dexamethasone combined with vancomycin to treat experimental endophthalmitis induced by

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted between March 25 and April 13, 2012. Twenty-five six-month-old healthy rabbits were used, each weighing 2.5-3 kg.

The Immunostimulatory Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria in a Rat Model.

Background: Probiotics are "live", beneficial microbes that provide important health benefits in their hosts. There is significant interest in the modulation and regulation of the immune function by probiotics.

Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic mixture, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, by detecting serum cytokine and immunoglobulin levels.

The protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipopolysa ccharide-induced hepatotoxicity: an in vitro study on Hep3B cells.

Objectives: In the present study, our aim was to investigate the possible protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity by using Hep3B human hepatoma cells. Specifically, the study examines the role of some proinflammatory markers and oxidative damage as possible mechanisms of LPS-associated cytotoxicity. Consequently, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B was chosen as a model for investigation of LPS toxicity and the effect of EGCG on LPS-exposed cells.

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in a rat model of sepsis: an immunological, biochemical, and histopathological study.

Objective: We hypothesize that apigenin may inhibit some cellular process of sepsis-induced spleen injury and simultaneously improve inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of apigenin in a polymicrobial sepsis rat model of by cecal ligation and puncture.

Materials And Methods: 64 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups.

Investigation of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints.

Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in early childhood and it can persist throughout life without antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the noninvasive H. pylori Stool Antigen Test-applied on the stool samples with the invasive gold standart Rapid Urease Test-applied on the gastric biopy samples of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints.

The relationship between estrogen receptors and microtubule dynamics in post-menopausal rat brain.

Introduction: Estrogen is one of the most important regulators of neuron function. There is a broad consensus that a loss of estrogen is associated with neurodegeneration in the hippocampus which leads to cognitive impairment. Hematopoietic-Pbx-interaction-protein (HPIP) is a novel scaffolding protein which interacts with microtubules and estrogen receptors.

The protective effects of beta-carotene against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovarian tissue.

Introduction: Beta-carotene is a well-known antioxidant and precursor of Vitamin A that has a preventative role in the oxidative damage process. Our aim was to investigate the possible preventive effects of beta-carotene on oxidative damage via experimental ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion models in rat ovaries.

Materials And Methods: A traumatic vascular clamps were used for 3h to induce ischemia (Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

Preventive effects of a major component of green tea, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, on hepatitis-B virus DNA replication.

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti- tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.

Effects of intraocular rifampicin on retinal ganglion cell structure: a stereological and histopathological study.

Aim: To determine the histopathological changes of rifampicin applied intravitreally on retinal ganglion cells by means of stereological and histopathological methods.

Methods: For this study twenty-four New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6 for each group). 50µg/0.

A new hypothesis about hematopoietic Pbx-interaction protein (HPIP): can it be a key factor in neurodegeneration in the post-menopausal period?

Neuronal degeneration in the post-menopausal term leads to cognitive symptoms such as anxiety, difficulty in concentrating, overreacting to minor upsets, quickly becoming irritated and forgetfulness in approximately 70-80% of all women around the world. These symptoms, which result from microtubule damage in the axon extensions of hippocampal neurons in during menopause, greatly reduce individuals' life quality. Thus, an investigation of the estrogen receptor-signaling pathway-microtubule dynamic triangle and the possible links between them is important when it comes to explaining the possible mechanism of neurodegeneration.