May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?

: It is of great importance to obtain information about the severity of ischemic damage and duration of testicular torsion for an effective treatment strategy. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are sites of the ribosomal genes composed of ribosomal DNA and proteins. Post-silver staining NORs are termed "AgNOR".

Short- and long-term effects of rapamycin on ischemic damage and apoptotic changes in torsion of rat testes.

Rapamycin has antioxidant defense mechanisms and immune suppressive effects. To detect the short- and long-term effects of rapamycin on ischemic damage and apoptotic changes in torsion of rat testes, mature male albino Wistar rats (n = 48) were included in the study as control, sham, early torsion-detorsion (T/D), early rapamycin treatment, early rapamycin control, late T/D, late rapamycin treatment, and late rapamycin control. The right testis was rotated 720° in a clockwise direction during 4 h in operation groups.

Torticollis in children: an alert symptom not to be turned away.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the spectrum of underlying disease in children with torticollis.

Methods: We investigated the spectrum of underlying disease and to evaluate the clinical features of the children presented with torticollis in the last 2 years.

Results: Of the 20 children (13 girls and 7 boys with the mean age of 8 years, ranging 2 months-12 years), eight of them have craniospinal pathologies (cerebellar tumors in three, exophytic brain stem glioma, eosinophilic granuloma of C2 vertebra, neuroenteric cyst of the spinal cord, Chiari type 3 malformation, arachnoid cysts causing brainstem compression, and cerebellar empyema), followed by osseous origin in five (congenital vertebral anomalies including hemivertebrae, blocked vertebra, and segmentation anomalies), two muscular torticollis (soft tissue inflammation due to subclavian artery catheterization, myositis ossificans with sternocleidomastoid muscle atrophy), and ocular (congenital cataract and microphthalmia), Sandifer syndrome, paroxysmal torticollis, retropharyngeal abscess each in one patients were detected.