A novel hypothesis for COVID-19 pathogenesis: Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. In less than a year and a half, more than 200 million people have been infected and more than four million have died. Despite some improvement in the treatment strategies, no definitive treatment protocol has been developed.

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Seed Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation.

Antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of (milk thistle) seeds was investigated. We have also investigated the protein damage activated by oxidative Fenton reaction and its prevention by seed extract. Antioxidant potential of seed ethanol extract was measured using different methods, such as lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays.

UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS Analyses on Phenolic, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil of with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and DNA Damage Protection Effects.

This paper is the first phytochemical and ABTS cation radical decolorisation activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, anticholinesterase and DNA damage protection effect of endemic (Boiss.) O. Kuntze.

Protective activity of Hertia cheirifolia extracts against DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation.

Context: Hertia cheirifolia L. (Asteraceae), a perennial shrub widely distributed in Northern Africa, is traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders.

Objective: The protective effect of methanol (Met E) and aqueous (Aq E) extracts of Hertia cheirifolia against DNA, lipid and protein oxidation was investigated.

The protective effect of pomegranate extract against cisplatin toxicity in rat liver and kidney tissue.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform a histopathological investigation, at the light microscopy level, of the protective effects of pomegranate extract in cisplatin-induced liver and kidney damage in rats.

Material And Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals: Group 1: Control; Group 2: Treated for 10 consecutive days by gavage with pomegranate juice (2 ml/kg/day); Group 3: Injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin (8 mg/kg body weight, single dose) onset of the day 5, and Group 4: Treated by gavage with pomegranate juice 10 days before and after a single injection of cisplatin onset of the day 5. After 10 days, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys and liver tissue samples were removed from each animal after experimental procedures.

Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp. pseudocinerea.

Context: In Turkey, Veronica species (Plantaginaceae) have been used as a diuretic and for wound healing in traditional medicine.

Objective: To examine the fatty acid and essential oil profiles, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and DNA damage effects of Veronica thymoides P.H.

Do 100- and 500-μT ELF magnetic fields alter beta-amyloid protein, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde in rat brains?

Several studies still state that presently accepted safety standards for extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) do not provide adequate protection, and therefore the standards are still open to question. To help resolve this question, the aim of this study was to illuminate the interaction between biomolecules and ELF-MFs by investigating the effect of ELF-MFs on beta-amyloid protein (BAP), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain. For this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, which were divided into two experimental groups and a sham exposed group.

The protective role of pomegranate juice against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats.

Most pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn., Punicaceae) fruit parts are known to possess enormous antioxidant activity. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Derik pomegranate juice and determine its effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in rats.

Protective effect of Öküzgözü (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grape juice against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats.

The consumption of fruits plays an important role as a health protecting factor. Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity.

Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain.

Recently, many studies have been carried out in relation to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF) emitted from a mobile phone on the brain. However, there is little data concerning possible mechanisms between long-term exposure of RF radiation and biomolecules in brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the rat brain.

Protective effect of Diyarbakır watermelon juice on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Diyarbakır watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. Sürme) juice on lipid peroxidation states in rat liver, kidney and brain. In vivo administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) once a week for 28 days caused a significant elevation of serum markers of liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB) and decrease in albumin when compared to the control group.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels as biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is clinically characterized by elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in plasma, which has high risk for developing atherosclerosis. Increased oxidative stress (OS) and FH have been related to atherosclerosis. The study aims to evaluate oxidative stress in patients with hypercholesterolemia by measuring lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels in these patients.

Is there a role for antioxidants in prevention of pulmonary hypoplasia in nitrofen-induced rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Background/purpose: Many studies suggest a role for antioxidants in the prevention of lung hypoplasia in nitrofen-induced rat models with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study investigates the oxidative status and the histological outcome of prenatal administration of vitamins E and C with synergistic effect, and effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to improve lung maturation of nitrofen-induced rats.

Methods: CDH was induced by maternal administration of a single oral dose of nitrofen on day 9.

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields cause oxidative DNA damage in rats.

Purpose: To detect the genotoxic effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) -magnetic fields (MF) on oxidative DNA base modifications [8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde)] in rat leucocytes, measured following exposure to ELF-MF.

Materials And Methods: After exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 100 and 500 microT, for 2 hours/day during 10 months), DNA was extracted, and measurement of DNA lesions was achieved by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).

Results: Levels of FapyAde, FapyGua and 8OHdG in DNA were increased by both 100 microT and 500 microT ELF-MF as compared to a cage-control and a sham group; however, statistical significance was observed only in the group exposed to 100 microT.

Comparison of the effects of maternal protein malnutrition and intrauterine growth restriction on redox state of central nervous system in offspring rats.

Both maternal protein malnutrition and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have deleterious effects on brain development, but a comparison of these effects has not been previously reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate and compare the effects of both factors on the oxidative status of the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord, in offspring rats. We evaluated various parameters of oxidative status and antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) in different regions of the CNS from 60-day-old rats subjected to prenatal and postnatal protein restrictions [middle protein restriction 12%, severe protein restriction (SPR) 4%] or IUGR produced by uterine artery ligation.

The effect of ethanol extract of Hypericum lysimachioides on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and its in vitro antioxidant activity.

Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol diet and oxidative stress increase serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels resulting in increased risk for development of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infectious and degenerative diseases. Literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high in medicinal plants.

Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey.

The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Hypericum hyssopifolium var. microcalycinum and Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides were analysed by using GC and GC-MS.

Unusual genetic organization of a functional type I protein secretion system in Neisseria meningitidis.

Proteins secreted by Neisseria meningitidis are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease. These proteins include the iron-repressible repeat-in-toxin (RTX) exoprotein FrpC. Related proteins in other pathogens are secreted via a type I secretion system (TOSS), but such a system has not been demonstrated in N.

Small molecules that mimic the thiol-triggered alkylating properties seen in the natural product leinamycin.

Reaction of the antitumor agent leinamycin with cellular thiols results in conversion of the natural product to a DNA-alkylating episulfonium alkylating agent via an intriguing sequence of chemical reactions. To establish whether the chemistry first seen in leinamycin represents a general motif that can function in various molecular frameworks, construction of greatly simplified analogues containing only the "core" funcional groups anticipated to be necessary for thiol-triggered generation of an alkylating agent was undertaken. For this purpose, the "stripped-down" leinamycin analogue 7-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-oxo-1H-lambda4-benzo[1,2]dithiol-3-one (4) was synthesized.

Antimicrobial activity of the resins obtained from the roots and stems of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicica.

The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of resins obtained from the roots and stems of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicica was investigated using a disc diffusion method. Results revealed that crude extracts of the resins of both plants are highly effective against tested microorganisms by preventing their growth to a greater extent.