Testing the long-run effects of economic growth, financial development and energy consumption on CO emissions in Turkey: new evidence from RALS cointegration test.

This study analyses the long-run effects of economic growth, energy consumption and financial development on carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in Turkey using annual time series data for the period 1965-2018. This research investigates the relationship between the variables using a RALS-EG (residual augmented least squares-Engle and Granger) cointegration test procedure developed by Lee et al. Stud Nonlinear Dyn Econ 19:397-413, (2015).