Reliability and Validity of the Turkish versions of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) and Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp).

Introduction: Cognitive biases can be defined as dysfunctional patterns of thought formation that lead to incorrect conclusions and abnormal perceptions and are critical factors in the development and maintenance of psychosis. Two self-report measures assessing cognitive biases in psychosis spectrum disorder (PSD) have recently been developed: the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) and the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp). This study aimed to validate the Turkish versions of the DACOBS and CBQp.

Personality Traits Interact With Sleep and Biological Rhythm in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

Sleep disturbances and circadian rhythm changes in bipolar disorder (BD) may have behavioral components as well as biological components. This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits, sleep and circadian rhythm in BD. A total of 150 participants with BD, and 150 healthy controls completed the Big Five Personality Test-50 (B5PT-50-TR), Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Young Mania Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory.

Thiol disulfide homeostasis in psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review.

Thiol-disulfide couple maintains an intracellular redox status. Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis acts crucial parts in metabolic processes involving signal mechanisms, inflammation, antioxidant defense. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis have been implicated in numerous diseases.

A Systematic Review of the Literature Regarding the Relationship Between Oxidative Stress and Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Objective: Brain's aerobic energy metabolism, abundance of the fatty acids and unsaturated lipids, generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by hormones, physiological roles of transition metals (i.e., iron and copper), and free radicals in the nervous system may cause inclination to oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders.

Machine learning algorithms revealed distorted retinal vascular branching in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Background: Converging evidence designate vascular vulnerability in bipolar disorder. The predisposition progresses into distortion in time, thus detection of the vascular susceptibility may help reducing morbidity and mortality. It was aimed to assess retinal fundus vasculature in cardiovascular risk-free patients with bipolar disorder.

Serum nitric oxide levels are depleted in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous substance which has several endocrine functions and may act as neurotransmitter in the brain. High levels of NO may provoke nitrosative stress.

Aim: It was aimed to examine serum levels of NO in patients with depressive episodes who were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this study.

Acute and Long Term Treatment of Manic Episodes in Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a disabling psychiatric disorder which causes premature death and loss of quality of life. Despite the developments, novel treatments are partially effective and insufficient responses to treatment may cause loss of quality of life. Contemporary approaches to treatment planning involve taking the current symptoms and the personal treatment history of the patient into account and tailoring them for the treatment of each patient, i.

Serum hepcidin / ferroportin levels in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Background: Despite several alternatives for cellular iron influx, the only mechanism for cellular iron efflux is ferroportin mediated active transport. In cases of ferroportin dysfunction, iron accumulates in the cell and causes ferroptosis. Hepcidin suppresses ferroportin levels and inflammatory activation increases hepcidin production.

Electroconvulsive Therapy and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins in Patients with Depressive Episodes.

Background: The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of glycoproteins deriving from the cell membrane and joining into nets called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The ECM glycoproteins limit neuroplasticity, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is provided by electrical currents that may alter several cascades and biophysical effects.

Psychopharmacological Signatures in the Retina in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Optic Coherence Tomography Study.

Background: Retina is considered as a window to the brain due to the similarities in terms of development and pathologies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can perform quantitative examinations in the retina. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of drugs used in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness.

Impact of At Least 2 Years of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use on Cognitive and Psychomotor Functions Among Treatment-Seeking Male Outpatients.

Synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use, an important public health problem, is becoming increasingly widespread and leads to many medical and psychiatric problems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SC use on cognitive and psychomotor functions of patients. The participants (30 outpatients with SC use disorder and 33 healthy controls) were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test, the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI), the Finger-Tapping Test (FTT), and the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery-B form (AMIPB-B).

Meta-analysis of auditory P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The ability of the brain to reduce the amount of trivial or redundant sensory inputs is called gating function. Dysfunction of sensory gating may lead to cognitive fragmentation and poor real-world functioning. The auditory dual-click paradigm is a pertinent neurophysiological measure of sensory gating function.

Investigating the jumping to conclusion bias in bipolar disorder.

Introduction: Hemsley and Garety described the "jumping to conclusions bias" in which patients with delusions may reach unreasonable results with insufficient information. In this study patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers were compared in terms of jumping to conclusions bias using the beads in the jar task.

Methods: 37 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 30 healthy controls were tested with the Beads Task (BT), Tower of London Test (ToL) and Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS).

[Phenotypic Variants of Paraoxonase Q192R in Bipolar Disorder,Depression and Schizophrenia].

Objective: Activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme varies prominently according to the PON1 Q192R genotype. The arginine (R) genotype hydrolyzes peroxided lipids more quickly and efficiently than the glutamine (Q) genotype. The Q phenotype suggests greater liability to neurodegenerative processes, cardiovascular and malignancy risks than the R phenotype.

Neurochemical differences between bipolar disorder type I and II in superior temporal cortices: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Background: Despite the diagnostic challenges in categorizing bipolar disorder subtypes, bipolar I and II disorders (BD-I and BD-II respectively) are valid indices for researchers. Subtle neurobiological differences may underlie clinical differences between mood disorder subtypes. The aims of this study were to investigate neurochemical differences between bipolar disorder subtypes.

Situs Inversus Totalis and Schizophrenia Comorbidity.

The comorbidity of structural or genetic diseases with schizophrenia is seen as an opportunity to understand the formation of schizophrenia. This case report presents a patient with comorbidity of schizophrenia, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and total situs inversus. TOF is a cyanotic heart disease, which can be linked to 22q11 deletion and trisomy 21.

Perisylvian GABA levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The aim of this study is to measure GABA levels of perisylvian cortices in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). Patients with schizophrenia (n=25), bipolar I disorder (BD-I; n=28) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II; n=20) were compared with healthy controls (n=30). H-MRS data was acquired using a Siemens 3T whole body scanner to quantify right and left perisylvian structures' (including superior temporal lobes) GABA levels.

Brain oscillations in bipolar disorder and lithium-induced changes.

Electroencephalography (EEG) studies in patients with bipolar disorder have revealed lower amplitudes in brain oscillations. The aim of this review is to describe lithium-induced EEG changes in bipolar disorder and to discuss potential underlying factors. A literature survey about lithium-induced EEG changes in bipolar disorder was performed.

Comparison of Propofol, Etomidate, and Thiopental in Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of propofol, thiopental, and etomidate, which are routinely used in anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), on the cardiovascular system, seizure variables, recovery, cognitive functions, and response to treatment.

Methods: Male patients hospitalized at the Seventh Psychiatry Clinics of the Bakırköy Teaching Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery who were treated with ECT were investigated prospectively. The effects on cardiovascular system parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygenation), seizure variables (duration and intensity of seizure), and recovery variables were recorded at every session, on prespecified time points, and the findings of the first session were used in this evaluation.

Lithium excessively enhances event related beta oscillations in patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Previous resting-state electroencephalography studies have consistently shown that lithium enhances delta and theta oscillations in default mode networks. Cognitive task based networks differ from resting-state networks and this is the first study to investigate effects of lithium on evoked and event-related beta oscillatory responses of patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods: The study included 16 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder on lithium monotherapy, 22 euthymic medication-free patients with bipolar disorder and 21 healthy participants.

Decrease of event-related delta oscillations in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Decreased delta oscillation upon cognitive load is common in patients with Alzheimer׳s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and schizophrenia. However, there is no previous study analyzing the delta responses in euthymic medication-free patients with bipolar disorder. Participants comprised of 22 euthymic medication-free patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of bipolar disorder and 21 healthy controls who were matched to the patients for sex, age, and education.

[Polycystic kidney disease in a patient using lithium chronically].

Lithium remains to be the gold standard in the treatment of mood disorders. This study presents a case treated with lithium for an extended period with a good response. Following an increase in creatinine levels, further investigation of renal dysfunction revealed polycystic kidney disease.