Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase Redox and Oxidative Stress among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Xanthine oxidase (XO), an isoform of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), is thought to increase the cardiovascular burden among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients via oxidative radical production. Plasma XOR redox, which is characterized by the ratio of XO to total XOR, changes under different oxidative conditions associated with kidney dysfunction. However, the relationship between plasma XOR redox and oxidative stress (OS) is unclear.

Unexpected high plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in female subjects with low levels of uric acid.

Hypouricemia is a high-risk factor of exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI) probably through a lack of an antioxidant effect of uric acid. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Activation of XOR has been proposed to promote oxidative stress-related tissue injury.

Morphology and kinematics studies of the upper extremity and its clinical application in deformity correction.

Morphological and kinetic studies using computer-generated bone models are helpful for determining normal articular movements and various pathological conditions of the wrist joints, forearms, and elbow joints. Previous studies consisted of kinetic analyses that were carried out by superimposing three-dimensional bone models created on a computer on the basis of CT data obtained by scanning the limbs in several different positions. We applied the techniques used in such studies and have discovered a method for carrying out surgical procedure simulations aimed at correcting upper limb deformities.

Thyroid Autoantibodies do not Impair the Ovarian Reserve in Euthyroid Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) have a high prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of the contribution of thyroid autoantibodies or elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels to decreased ovarian reserve is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and thyroid autoantibodies [antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] in euthyroid infertile women.

Ovarian Tissue Culture to Visualize Phenomena in Mouse Ovary.

Mammalian females periodically ovulate an almost constant number of oocytes during each estrus cycle. To sustain such regularity and periodicity, regulation occurs at the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis level and on developing follicles in the ovary. Despite active studies, follicle development mechanisms are not clear because of the several steps involved from the dormant primordial follicle activation to ovulation, and because of the regulation complexity that differs at each follicular stage.

Identification of potential markers of fatal hypothermia by a body temperature-dependent gene expression assay.

Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is considered to be difficult in forensic practice and even if findings due to cold exposure are evident, cold exposure is not necessarily a direct cause of death. Identification of useful molecular markers for the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia has not been successful. In this study, to identify novel molecular markers that inform the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia, we focused on skeletal muscle, which plays a role in cold-induced thermogenesis in mammals.

Virulence of Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Layer Chickens with Colibacillosis Associated with Pericarditis, Perihepatitis, and Salpingitis in Experimentally Infected Chicks and Embryonated Eggs.

To evaluate the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates obtained from colibacillosis cases associated with pericarditis, perihepatitis, and salpingitis, the embryo lethality assay and experimental infection model in chicks were used in this study. According to the established criteria based on mortality in the embryo lethality assay for evaluating the virulence of E. coli isolates, 23 of the 26 APEC isolates associated with pericarditis and perihepatitis and 8 of the 20 isolates associated with salpingitis were found to be virulent.

Increased plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity deteriorates coronary artery spasm.

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is involved in coronary artery spasm (CAS). Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) plays a pivotal role in producing both uric acid and ROS. However, the association between plasma XOR activity and CAS has not been elucidated.

Habitual exercise decreases plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in middle-aged and older women.

The aim of present study was to investigate the association between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity, which has gained attention as a novel preventive target of cardiovascular disease, and various physiological parameters and was to determine the effects of habitual exercise on plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in middle-aged and older women. In the cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity and various physiological parameters in 94 middle-aged and older women. In the interventional study, subjects ( = 22) were divided into two groups: exercise ( = 12) or the control group ( = 10), whereby we examined the effect of 12-week aerobic exercise training on plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in middle-aged and older women.

Corrective osteotomy for hyperextended elbow with limited flexion due to supracondylar fracture malunion.

Background: Extension deformity of the distal humerus after a malunited supracondylar fracture can restrict elbow flexion. Here we report a computer-assisted operative procedure and review the results of clinical cases in which corrective surgery was performed.

Methods: The medical records of the patients who underwent corrective osteotomy for hyperextended elbow malunion of the distal humerus with limited elbow flexion (flexion angle ≤100°) were reviewed retrospectively.

Four immunohistochemical assays to measure the PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway are expected to be a novel therapy for combating future increases in numbers of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients. However, the PD-L1 expression, which is a predictor of the response to ICIs, is unclear in MPM. We studied the PD-L1 expression using four immunohistochemical assays (SP142, SP263, 28-8 and 22C3) in 32 MPM patients.

A comparison of corrective osteotomies using dorsal and volar fixation for malunited distal radius fractures.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare clinical results and to restore radiographic parameters of corrective osteotomy for malunited distal radius fracture using a volar locking plate with a dorsal plate.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 28 consecutive patients with symptomatic malunited distal radius fractures followed up for more than 12 months who underwent corrective osteotomy with a dorsal buttress plate (n = 9) or a volar locking plate (n = 19). Volar tilt (VT), radial inclination (RI), and ulnar variance (UV) were radiographically evaluated.

Administration of Oxygen Ultra-Fine Bubbles Improves Nerve Dysfunction in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury Model.

Ultra-fine bubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties and have been tested in various medical fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUBs) on a sciatic nerve crush injury (SNC) model rats. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1.

Susceptibility difference weighted imaging in vertical-field MRI.

To realize susceptibility-weighted imaging in vertical-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we developed an image-processing method called "susceptibility difference weighted imaging" (SDWI). In SDWI, contrasts are enhanced using a susceptibility map calculated by using a weighted least-square algorithm with a small iteration number. Experiments were performed on human volunteers to compare image contrast obtained from the conventional method (SWI) and SDWI.

Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity as a Novel Biomarker of Metabolic Disorders in a General Population.

Background: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Activation of XOR promotes oxidative stress-related tissue injury. We investigated the associations between metabolic parameters and plasma XOR activity measured by a sensitive and accurate assay using a combination of liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to detect [C,N]-uric acid using [C,N]-xanthine as a substrate.

Improved clonality detection in Hodgkin lymphoma using a semi-nested modification of the BIOMED-2 PCR assay for IGH and IGK rearrangements: A paraffin-embedded tissue study.

The BIOMED-2 PCR protocols targeting IGH and IGK genes may be useful for detecting clonality in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The clonality detection rates, however, have not been very high with these methods using paraffin-embedded tumor sections. We previously described the usefulness of the semi-nested BIOMED-2 IGH assay in B-cell malignancies.

Clinical application of serum anti-Müllerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker: A review of recent studies.

It has been more than 15 years since the measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) first allowed the quantitative assessment of ovarian reserve. Meanwhile, the clinical implication of serum AMH has been expanding. The measurement of serum AMH has been applied in various clinical fields, including assisted reproduction, menopause, reproductive disorders and assessment of ovarian damage/toxicity.

Ingestion of coffee polyphenols suppresses deterioration of skin barrier function after barrier disruption, concomitant with the modulation of autonomic nervous system activity in healthy subjects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of coffee polyphenols (CPPs) on the autonomic nervous system activity and decreased skin barrier function caused by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study, ten healthy male subjects consumed either a beverage containing CPPs or a placebo beverage for four weeks. CPPs significantly suppressed the deterioration in skin barrier function and skin moisture content induced by SDS treatment after the third week.

A comparative study of PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays with four reliable antibodies in thymic carcinoma.

Currently, four immunohistochemical assays are registered with the US Food and Drug Administration to detect the expression of PD-L1. We investigated the PD-L1 expression in thymic carcinomas using these four diagnostic assays. The cases of 53 patients were reviewed and their specimens were subjected to four PD-L1 assays with different antibodies (SP142, SP263, 22C3, and 28-8).

Three-dimensional scapular dyskinesis in hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation including hook motion.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the 3-dimensional scapular dyskinesis and the kinematics of a hook plate relative to the acromion after hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation in vivo. Reported complications of acromioclavicular reduction using a hook plate include subacromial erosion and impingement. However, there are few reports of the 3-dimensional kinematics of the hook and scapula after the aforementioned surgical procedure.

Dietary intake of glucono-δ-lactone attenuates skin inflammation and contributes to maintaining skin condition.

Skin properties are influenced by both external (e.g., ultraviolet [UV], chemicals, and bacteria) and internal factors (e.