A Review of Various Clinical Practice Guidelines on Osteoporosis in the Last 5 Years.

Background: Osteoporosis, also called the silent disease, affects the elderly with a significant contribution to their morbidity and mortality through fragility fractures. Most nations have developed their own guidelines on managing this condition. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are the highest quality evidence documents on a particular topic prepared by expert panels.

Definition and Evolution of the Term Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease in which the loss of bone mineral density causes the bone to become weaker and more susceptible to fracture. In the vulnerable individual, osteoporosis develops as a result of a combination of hereditary and environmental risk factors. The definition of the term osteoporosis as a clinical syndrome has evolved with the improved understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnostic terminology and treatment directions both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, over the past few decades.

Is There a Scope for an Open Source Philosophy in Robotic Joint Replacement?: Why and How to Make Robotic Platforms Common and Universal for All Implants !

Background: Standardisation and open source technologies has transformed our world by levelling the field for innovation and improvisation. In the field of arthroplasty, we are seeing robotic technology make giant strides in terms of wide spread adoption across geographies. The benefits of consistency, reduced intra-surgeon and inter-surgeon variability as well as decreased dependence on complex instrumentation sets and large implant inventories, is a step in the right direction.

Evaluation of artificial intelligence models for osteoarthritis of the knee using deep learning algorithms for orthopedic radiographs.

Background: Deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence, has shown promising results for interpreting radiographs. In order to develop this niche machine learning (ML) program of interpreting orthopedic radiographs with accuracy, a project named deep learning algorithm for orthopedic radiographs was conceived. In the first phase, the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) as per the standard Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale in medical images was conducted using the deep learning algorithm for orthopedic radiographs.

Walking Pole Gait to Reduce Joint Loading post Total Knee Athroplasty: Musculoskeletal modeling Approach.

Excessive knee contact loading is precursor to osteoarthritis and related knee ailment leading to knee athroplasty. Reducing contact loading through gait modifications using assisted pole walking offers noninvasive process of medial load offloading at knee joint. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of different configuration of pole walking for reducing contact force at the knee joint through musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling.

Anatomical Landmark Detection using Deep Appearance-Context Network.

Accurate identification of anatomical landmarks is a crucial step in medical image analysis. While deep neural networks have shown impressive performance on computer vision tasks, they rely on a large amount of data, which is often not available. In this work, we propose an attention-driven end-to-end deep learning architecture, which learns the local appearance and global context separately that helps in stable training under limited data.

Robotic-Assisted Knee Arthroplasty (RAKA): The Technique, the Technology and the Transition.

Background: There has been an exponential increase in knee arthroplasty over the past 20 years. This has led to a quest for improvement in outcomes and patient satisfaction. While the last decade of last century proved to be the decade for Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) or Computer Navigation wherein the technology demonstrated a clear benefit in terms of improving mechanical axis alignment and component positioning, this decade is likely to belong to Robotics.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A New Disruptive Force in Orthopaedics.

Orthopaedics as a surgical discipline requires a combination of good clinical acumen, good surgical skill, a reasonable physical strength and most of all, good understanding of technology. The last few decades have seen rapid adoption of new technologies into orthopaedic practice, power tools, new implants, CAD-CAM design, 3-D printing, additive manufacturing just to name a few. The new disruption in orthopaedics in the current time and era is undoubtedly the advent of artificial intelligence and robotics.

Musculoskeletal modeling to predict and reduce Antetrior Cruciate Ligament injury during single leg drop jump activity: Synergistic muscle co-activation approach.

This paper presents a `drop jump' modeling to study the effect of synergistic muscle activation on controlling Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. ACL injuries are mostly caused during high impact loading. A full body musculoskeletal model with knee ligaments have been developed in `OpenSim platform' to simulate ACL injury during drop jump activity.

Radiologic assessment of femoral and tibial tunnel placement based on anatomic landmarks in arthroscopic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Accurate tibial and femoral tunnel placement has a significant effect on outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Postoperative radiographs provide a reliable and valid way for the assessment of anatomical tunnel placement after ACLR. The aim of this study was to examine the radiographic location of tibial and femoral tunnels in patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR using anatomic landmarks.

Correlation of tunnel widening and tunnel positioning with short-term functional outcomes in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon versus hamstring graft: a prospective study.

Objective: To study the correlation between tunnel widening and tunnel position with short-term functional outcomes post-ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon and hamstring autografts in young adults.

Materials And Methods: A total of 33 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between October 2013 and February 2015 were included and followed up for 6 months. A standardized surgical technique was used for each graft type.

Asymmetrical Fracture Dislocation of Shoulder - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: A bilateral shoulder dislocation is an extremely rare injury with only a few reported cases in English literature, and most of these cases have occurred following a seizure episode or an electric shock. We present the first ever reported case of simultaneous bilateral anterior and posterior fracture dislocation of shoulders and its unique mechanism of injury in a 48 year old diabetic male.

Case Report: A 48 year old male presented to our emergency department with pain and restriction of movements involving both shoulders following a fall.

Unusual presentation of a radial neck fracture in a child.

Fracture of the radial neck are uncommon injuries. In children, they may present as radial neck fractures, a components of forearm fracture dislocations, or as isolated fracture dislocations. Here, we present an unusual and previously undescribed variant of radial neck fracture with dislocation of the radial head to the medial side and ulnar nerve injury.

Radiolunate coalition: a case report and literature review.

Radiolunate coalition is a very rare entity and was never reported before. we herein describe a case of congenital non-syndromic radiolunate coalition in a 30 year old male with a brief review of literature. we have also suggested a modification to Minaar's classification for carpal coalition.

Orthopaedic surgeons and the device industry: skeletons in the closet.

The relationship between orthopaedic surgeons and the device industry is one that is mutually beneficial and productive. However there are skeletons in the closet. The financial implications of this relationship have come under intense scrutiny.

Effectiveness of modified ankle foot orthosis of low-temperature thermoplastics in idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus.

The aim of this study was to study the effectiveness of modified ankle foot orthosis fabricated from low-temperature thermoplastics, as an alternative orthosis for the maintenance of correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) deformity. The study was conducted in infants after the completion of the Ponseti serial manipulation and cast treatment, with or without, percutaneous Achilles tenotomy. Both male and female infants with unilateral or bilateral CTEV deformity were included in our study.

Diplomate of the National Board: inefficient parallel education.

The National Board of Examinations conducts the Diplomate of the National Board in broad specialities as well as in core super specialities. The programme was meant to provide a common standard and a mechanism of evaluation the These programmes, as per the prospectus of the DNB course are meant to provide the basic level ofcompetence required for the postgraduate qualification in that subject. However, it has failed to meet these objectives.

Working mothers: how much working, how much mothers, and where is the womanhood?

Motherhood confers upon a woman the responsibility of raising a child. This process also changes the way in which she is perceived in society and at her workplace. It can necessitate her to take more than available leave options, and job security can be at risk.

Medicine as a corporate enterprise: a welcome step?

The medical profession is set for a change. It is being redesigned as a corporate enterprise. The health-care industry has proved to be lucrative and therefore has seen the entry of newer players from the corporate field into the market.