In Vitro Analysis of Enamel Abrasion Using a Novel Manual Nano-Bristle Toothbrush: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study.

Introduction: To evaluate the enamel abrasion effects of soft, ultra-soft, and nano-bristle toothbrushes using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to guide toothbrush selection for optimal enamel preservation.

Methods: This in vitro study involved 45 extracted human teeth (central and lateral incisors), randomly assigned to three groups (n=15 each): Group I (nano-bristle), Group II (ultra-soft bristle), and Group III (soft bristle). Each specimen underwent 10,000 brushing cycles with a standardized 2 N force to simulate one year of brushing.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Against a Periodontal Pathogen: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Periodontal disease is a major contributing factor to tooth loss and can significantly impact overall health. Traditional periodontal therapy typically involves mechanical debridement to remove plaque and calculus, along with the use of antimicrobial agents to reduce bacterial load. Licorice () has a long history of use in traditional medicine for treating various ailments since it contains glycyrrhizin, glabridin, liquiritin, and flavonoids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.

The Role of Soft Skills in Dental Education: Challenges and Importance.

Soft skills encompass interpersonal abilities and values that enable individuals to adapt to diverse circumstances. In dentistry, a combination of soft and hard skills is crucial for successful practice and for achieving health care organization goals. However, dental schools face significant challenges in teaching and evaluating soft skills, including the subjective nature of assessment, variability in student engagement, and the lack of standardized curricula.

Evaluation of the Effect of Aegle marmelos (Bael Leaf) Extract on Human Fibroblast Viability: An In Vitro Study.

Aim To evaluate the biocompatibility of ethanolic extract of (bael/vilvam) leaves with gingival fibroblast cells.  Materials and methods Commercially available bael leaves were used to produce a herbal ethanolic extract using the cold percolation technique. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of the bael leaf extract (BLE) on fibroblast cell line at six different concentrations (200µl/ml, 100µl/ml, 50µl/ml, 25µl/ml, 12.

Magnetic Resonance Images for the Prediction of Chronological Age Using Maxillary Third Molar Teeth: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Dental age estimation using third molars is a reliable method for estimating the age of individuals. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck has been found to be applicable for age estimation of third molar teeth. In the present study, we aimed to apply the Modified Demirjian method of age estimation to magnetic resonance (MR) image sections for dental age estimation by determining the mineralization patterns of the maxillary third molars.

Cutaneous Infection in an Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient.

Unlabelled: is an opportunistic fungus that infects the lungs but can involve other organs, including the skin and lymph nodes. Risk factors include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), solid organ/haematological malignancies and a CD4 cell count of fewer than 200 cells/μl. pneumonia (PJP) infection is reported less frequently these days with the advent of prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).

Role of CBCT in Prediction of Oro-antral Communication Post Third Molar Extraction: A Retrospective Study.

Objective:  Oro-antral communication (OAC) is one of the most frequently encountered complications during third molar extraction. Various radiographic factors, like excessive maxillary sinus pneumatization, long periods of edentulism, periapical lesions, etc., have been considered high-risk factors for OAC.

Efficacy of Preemptive Dexamethasone versus Methylprednisolone in the Management of Postoperative Discomfort and Pain after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The corticosteroids have been used for preemptive management of surgical sequelae after mandibular third molar extraction. The aim of this article was to review the efficacy of methylprednisolone versus dexamethasone in the management of postsurgical pain, swelling, and trismus after mandibular third molar surgery. Randomized, double-blinded studies from PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, DOSS, Cochrane central, and Web of Science were identified by using a search strategy.

Bilateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyles following General Anesthesia-An Overlooked Problem: A Case Report.

Dislocation of mandibular condyles can occur following excessive mouth opening or traumatic injury to the temporomandibular joint. It can also occur during general anesthesia that at times may go un-noticed in the modern-day theater setup. Here, we describe a case of bilateral dislocation of mandibular condyle following orotracheal intubation for general anesthesia.

Impact of renal function on clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects in coronary artery disease patients without diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most important predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies have shown that DM patients with impaired renal function are characterized by reduced clopidogrel response. However, post-hoc PD studies conducted in unselected cohorts, composed of both DM and non-DM patients, have reached controversial findings on the effects of CKD on clopidogrel response, likely attributed to patient heterogeneity. The impact of renal function on clopidogrel response in non-DM patients remains unexplored and represented the aim of this prospective investigation.

Pharmacodynamic effects of prasugrel dosing regimens in patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy: results of a prospective randomized study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of different prasugrel dosing regimens in patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy.

Background: There are a growing number of patients on chronic prasugrel therapy regimens, leading to questions about the dosing regimen of prasugrel to administer if percutaneous coronary intervention is required.

Methods: This is a prospective pharmacodynamic study in patients (n = 64) receiving maintenance prasugrel therapy who were randomly allocated to a 10 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg dose of prasugrel.

Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect in clopidogrel-treated patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of a pharmacodynamic study.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the presence of a dose-response effect of cigarette smoking and its impact on high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with clopidogrel.

Background: Cigarette smoking is an inducer of cytochrome P450 1A2, a hepatic enzyme involved in clopidogrel metabolism. If cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect on pharmacodynamic measures in clopidogrel-treated patients is unknown.

Impact of pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Background: Previous studies have shown that, in patients receiving DAPT, the adjunctive use of a PDE inhibitor enhances platelet inhibition, particularly in those presenting with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of the PDE inhibitor pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in DM patients receiving DAPT are unknown.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of pantoprazole therapy on clopidogrel effects: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study.

Background: Safety concerns have recently emerged based on a drug interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors leading to reduced pharmacodynamic effects. However, whether such drug interaction is a class effect or a drug effect and if this can be modulated by timing of drug administration remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of high-dose pantoprazole therapy, a proton pump inhibitor with low potential to interfere with clopidogrel metabolism, administered concomitantly or staggered, on clopidogrel-mediated pharmacodynamic effects.

Role of platelets and antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease.

Platelets have a key role in normal hemostasis and in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic events, such as acute coronary syndrome. Following plaque rupture, platelets adhere to the subendothelial matrix, become activated and then aggregate to form a prothrombotic surface that promotes clot formation and subsequently vascular occlusion. Multiple pathways are involved in platelet activation, including those activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thromboxane A2, epinephrine, serotonin, collagen, and thrombin.

Pharmacodynamic effects of different aspirin dosing regimens in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced aspirin-induced pharmacodynamic effects. This may be attributed to increased platelet turnover rates resulting in an increased proportion of non-aspirin-inhibited platelets during the daily dosing interval. The hypothesis of this study was that an increase in the frequency of drug administration [twice daily (bid) versus once daily (od)] may provide more effective platelet inhibition in T2DM patients.