Real-World Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Final Report of Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by progressive worsening of dyspnoea and lung function. Nintedanib treatment is recommended to slow IPF disease progression. The aim of this post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of nintedanib over 24 months in patients with IPF in a real-world setting in Japan.

Case Report: Countermeasures Against Heat and Coronavirus for Japanese Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games.

The Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games were held in the hottest environment in the history of the games. Additionally, the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated daily polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during the games, wearing a mask became mandatory publicly, and it was an unheard and unique Olympic with no spectators. Heat acclimation, hydration, and body cooling are essential for safe and high-performance activities in hot environments.

Comparison of the effects of high and low levels of solar radiations on exercise capacity in hot outdoor environments.

Background: High solar radiation from the sun in the heat outdoor may be impaired exercise capacity. This study aimed to compare the effects of different levels of solar radiation on exercise capacity and evaluate skin temperature responses in the heat.

Methods: Seven male participants performed cycling exercise at 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake until volitional exhaustion in hot outdoor environments (approximately 33-35°C, 40-50% relative humidity) under both clear sky (high solar radiation trial: 1062±50 W/m) and under thick clouds (low solar radiation trial: 438±52 W/m).

Cooling during short-term heat acclimation enhances aerobic capacity but not sweat capacity.

To characterize the adaptive responses to short-term heat acclimation (HA) training with repeated-sprint exercises and to determine the effects of ice slurry ingestion during HA on aerobic capacity and adaptations. Seven physically active males completed two 5 consecutive day interventions in a randomized cross-over design. Participants performed approximately 80-min intermittent repeated-sprints using a cycling ergometer including break-time and half time in 36.

In-play optimal cooling for outdoor match-play tennis in the heat.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four cooling interventions used for reducing physiological and perceptual strain and improving exercise performance during outdoor match-play tennis in the heat. Eight competitive tennis players played four counter-balanced simulated outdoor matches in the heat (WBGT: 28.4-32.

Impact of Ice Slurry Ingestion During Break-Times on Repeated-Sprint Exercise in the Heat.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of ice slurry ingestion during break times and half-time (HT) on repeated-sprint performance and core temperature in the heat. Seven males performed two different trials as follows: ice slurry (-1°C) or room temperature water ingestion at each break and HT break at 36.5°C, 50% relative humidity.

Effect of a cooling strategy combining forearm water immersion and a low dose of ice slurry ingestion on physiological response and subsequent exercise performance in the heat.

Although numerous studies have shown the benefits of cooling strategies for reducing thermal strain and subsequent exercise performance in the heat, few studies have focused on a combination of external and internal cooling. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of a cooling strategy combining forearm water immersion and a low dose of ice slurry ingestion on physiological response and subsequent exercise performance in the heat. Eight non-heat-acclimated males participated in this study.

Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Factors Contributing to the Progressive Loss of the β-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction. In this study, we assessed the factors contributing to an insulin secretory defect in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 382 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 57±13 years.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of unremembered nocturnal eating in diabetic subjects: Kurume sleep trouble in obesity and metabolic disorders (KUSTOMED) study.

Nighttime food intake is associated with weight gain and higher HbA1c levels. We experienced night eaters who have no memory of their nocturnal eating in the morning. In this study, the curious night eating behavior was designated as "unremembered nocturnal eating syndrome (UNES)".

Classification and characteristics of interferon-related diabetes mellitus in Japan.

Aim:   The aim of this study was to assess the classification and clinical characteristics of interferon (IFN)-related diabetes.

Methods:   Cases with IFN-related diabetes in Japan were retrieved through web search engines for medical literature until July in 2009, and unreported data were obtained from the authors by letter or e-mail.

Results:   We collected 143 cases with IFN-related diabetes consisting of 104 type 1 diabetes including 4 own cases, and 39 non-autoimmune type 2-like diabetes.

Distinct pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine and insulin detemir: crossover comparison in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients on basal-bolus regimen.

We compared blood glucose profile when glargine or detemir was injected once daily before dinner in combination with pre-meal insulin lispro by a crossover design. Glargine showed lower post-dinner and bedtime glucose levels in Type 1 diabetes, and lower pre-dinner and post-dinner glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes than detemir.

Clinical characteristics of thyroid abnormalities induced by sunitinib treatment in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is effective for advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, sunitinib often causes hypothyroidism. In this study, we report eight cases with thyroid dysfunction that occurred during sunitinib treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Is the importance of achieving stable disease different between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents in the second-line setting for advanced non-small cell lung cancer?

Background: It is controversial whether achieving stable disease leads to a survival benefit and whether the importance of achieving stable disease differs between cytotoxic agents and molecular targeted agents. To examine these questions, the authors retrospectively reviewed phase II and III studies in the second-line setting for advanced non-small cell lung cancer using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and cytotoxic agents separately.

Methods: The authors chose 45 trials for the chemotherapy group and nine for the EGFR TKI group by searching the PubMed database.

Plasma cell granuloma of the pituitary gland. Case report.

Background: Plasma cell granuloma, one of the subtypes of inflammatory pseudotumor, is non-neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells and occurs extremely rarely in the intracranial space. We encountered a case of plasma cell granuloma in the pituitary gland, which initially presented with left oculomotor palsy.

Case Description: A 34-year-old female presented with left ptosis.

[A case report of chronic myelocytic leukemia with multiple brain metastases, which responded to the gamma-knife therapy].

We report a 78-year-old woman who had multiple leukemic cell tumors in the brain in the course of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). As far as we could survey, such brain tumors were extremely rare. She had been followed because of chronic phase of CML until October, 1998, when she noticed muscle weakness in her left upper and lower extremity.

Case report of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung--lymphoid population consisting of cytotoxic T cells in resting state.

The present report describes a case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the lung and presents immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization (ISH) studies of the tumor. A 39-year-old Chinese woman, who was born in China and emigrated to Japan at the age of 29, suffered from a cough for 2 years and received a middle and lower lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection after induction chemotherapy. The tumor consisted of undifferentiated carcinoma and areas of more differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with an intense lymphoid infiltrate.

Direct intestinal absorption of red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, into rats and humans.

We determined red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-g) and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (Cy-dg), incorporated into plasma and liver of rats and human plasma by UV-HPLC. Fifteen minutes after an oral supplementation of a mixture of 320 mg of Cy-g and 40 mg of Cy-dg/kg of body weight, rats showed an increase to a maximum of 1563 microg (3490 nmol) of Cy-g/L and 195 microg (320 nmol) of Cy-dg/L in plasma and 0.067 microg (0.

[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung].

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung was diagnosed in a 39-year-old Chinese woman. In situ hybridization of Epstein Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA 1 (EBER 1) detected strong EBER 1 signals in the nuclei of tumor cell specimens from the patient. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, electrophoresis identified the IR-1 region in this tumor as a positive sharp band, closely resembling Raji cells (Burkitt's cell line).

Cerebral circulatory and metabolic changes following EC/IC bypass surgery in cerebral occlusive diseases.

In order to evaluate the effect of extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass surgery for the patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, fourteen patients were studied for cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) before and after EC/IC bypass using positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O steady state technique. Six patients with carotid lesion received superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery anastomosis, and eight patients with vertebro-basilar lesion underwent STA-superior cerebellar artery anastomosis. In both groups of patients with carotid and vertebro-basilar lesion, significant increase of CBF and decrease of OEF were observed following surgical revascularization.

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism following superficial temporal artery to superior cerebellar artery bypass for vertebrobasilar occlusive disease.

In order to clarify the effectiveness of extracranial-intracranial bypass operations in patients with vertebrobasilar occlusive disease, the authors used positron emission tomography to investigate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism of eight patients undergoing superficial temporal artery (STA)-superior cerebellar artery (SCA) bypass procedures. In the preoperative studies, CBF in the region of the posterior fossa was low and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) was high, the so-called "misery perfusion syndrome." Such changes were evident in both the posterior circulation and the anterior circulation regions.

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose as an in vivo tracer for imaging galactose metabolism in tumors with positron emission tomography.

The feasibility of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose ([ 18F]FdGal) for imaging galactose metabolism in tumors with positron emission tomography (PET), was investigated using two hepatomas, Yoshida sarcoma, or glioma in rats, and mouse mammary carcinoma. In hepatoma-bearing rats the highest uptake of [18F]FdGal was observed in the liver followed by the kidney and tumor. The tumor uptake increased with time, and the high uptake ratios of tumor to organ were observed except for the liver and kidney.

[Allergic granulomatous angiitis with subarachnoid hemorrhage--a case report].

A case of allergic granulomatous angiitis showing various symptoms of the central nervous system is reported. A 29-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache and urinary incontinence. Consciousness was drowsy, and right IIIrd cranial nerve palsy was observed.

[Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery treated by neck resection and end-to-end anastomosis under the administration of brain protective substances].

A case of aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% mannitol solution, dexamethasone and vitamin E and has brain protective effects from ischemia. The patient, a 55-year-old man, was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left hemiparesis. On admission, no neurological deficit was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region.