Heterogeneity of the Treatment Effect with PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Living Interactive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Selection of patients harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes for treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is challenging in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To gain further insight, we quantitatively assessed the differential efficacy of PARPi therapy among patients with mCRPC and different HRR gene mutations.

Methods: This living meta-analysis (LMA) was conducted using the Living Interactive Evidence synthesis framework.

Risk of bias assessment tools often addressed items not related to risk of bias and used numerical scores.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the existing risk of bias assessment tools addressed constructs other than risk of bias or internal validity, and whether they used numerical scores to express quality, which is discouraged and may be a misleading approach.

Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE and Embase to identify quality appraisal tools across all disciplines in human health research. Tools designed specifically to evaluate reporting quality were excluded.

Collaborative large language models for automated data extraction in living systematic reviews.

Objective: Data extraction from the published literature is the most laborious step in conducting living systematic reviews (LSRs). We aim to build a generalizable, automated data extraction workflow leveraging large language models (LLMs) that mimics the real-world 2-reviewer process.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 10 trials (22 publications) from a published LSR was used, focusing on 23 variables related to trial, population, and outcomes data.

Empathy and listening style among occupational therapists in Malaysia.

Introduction: As an occupational therapist, listening and empathy are critical components of practice because they are the foundation for developing therapeutic rapport with patients and their relatives. Currently, there is still no study regarding the level of empathy and listening styles among Occupational therapists in Malaysia. This study investigates the level of empathy and listening styles among occupational therapists in Malaysia and to examine their correlations.

Building a near-infrared (NIR) soil spectral dataset and predictive machine learning models using a handheld NIR spectrophotometer.

This near-infrared spectral dataset consists of 2,106 diverse mineral soil samples scanned, on average, on six different units of the same low-cost commercially available handheld spectrophotometer. Most soil samples were selected from the USDA NRCS National Soil Survey Center-Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (NSSC-KSSL) soil archives to represent the diversity of mineral soils (0-30 cm) found in the United States, while 90 samples were selected from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria to represent available African soils in the same archive. All scanning was performed on dried and sieved (<2 mm) soil samples.

Psychological factors, lifestyle habits, and their association with gastroesophageal reflux disease among Egyptian university students: A cross-sectional study.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition among university students that is associated with various lifestyle and psychological factors. The study aims to evaluate the association of psychological factors, physical activity, and dietary habits with the prevalence of GERD among university students in Egypt. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2024 to May 2024, selecting students from different universities in Egypt.

Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to systematicically evaluate and quantify the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO MegaFILE was performed from inception to January 12, 2024. The primary outcome was the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting on patients and/or visitors.

Patient Safety Attitudes Among Saudi Medical Students and Interns: Insights for Improving Medical Education.

Purpose: Patient safety (PS) is a basic principle of healthcare worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, medical colleges have integrated PS modules into their regular curricula. This study investigated undergraduate medical students' and interns' attitudes regarding PS at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah.

Confidence intervals of the relative risk and odds ratio can predict when the optimal information size in a meta-analysis is not met.

Objectives: We sought to empirically evaluate whether the width of confidence interval (CI) of the relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) can obviate the need for calculating the optimal information size (OIS) when making Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation imprecision judgments.

Study Design And Setting: We analyzed a convenience sample of meta-analyses extracted from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. From each meta-analysis, we calculated OIS based on relative risk reductions (RRRs) of 15%-50% and evaluated the ratio of upper to lower 95% CI boundaries of RR (RR CI ratio) and OR (OR CI ratio).

Uptake and determinants of HPV vaccination in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cervical cancer burden in South Asia is among the highest globally. Due to the lack of national immunization programs, the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccine uptake remains unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in South Asia.

Exploring the role of grafting in abiotic stress management: Contemporary insights and automation trends.

Grafting is a technique that involves attaching a rootstock to the aerial part of another genotype or species (scion), leading to improved crop performance and sustainable growth. The ability to tolerate abiotic stresses depends on cell membrane stability, a reduction in electrolyte leakage, and the species of scion and rootstock chosen. This external mechanism, grafting, serves as a beneficial tool in influencing crop performance by combining nutrient uptake and translocation to shoots, promoting sustainable plant growth, and enhancing the potential yield of both fruit and vegetable crops.

Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm in a De Garengeot Hernia: A Case Report.

De Garengeot's hernia, a femoral hernia containing an incarcerated appendix, is rarely encountered in clinical practice. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with a right groin lump. A computed tomography scan reported a right inguinal hernia containing fluid with no bowel involvement.

Laparoscopic Management of Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by an Adhesive Internal Hernia Following Open Appendicectomy: A Case Report.

Acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) is one of the most common emergency surgical presentations, with small bowel obstruction (SBO) accounting for the majority of cases. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of SBO. Her medical history was unremarkable except for an open appendectomy performed in her 20s.

The Clinical Impact of Mitral Gradient Post Transcatheter Edge-To-Edge Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is a minimally invasive therapy for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with high surgical risk. TEER results in a tissue bridge that decreases mitral valve area, potentially leading to elevated mean gradient. The clinical impact of elevated gradient on outcomes is unclear.

Re-evaluating Endometrial Thickness in Symptomatic Postmenopausal Patients for Excluding Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The current ACR and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines recommend a ≤4-mm endometrial thickness threshold for excluding endometrial cancer in symptomatic postmenopausal patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to re-evaluate the optimal endometrial thickness threshold on imaging for excluding cancer in symptomatic postmenopausal patients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to October 2023 was performed in addition to a gray literature search.

Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Preventive and Empirical Therapy for Invasive Candidiasis in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Background: The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in immune-competent and immune-compromised patients. An examination of the recent literature related to the treatment of fungal infections was performed to address two clinical questions. First, in patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, should combination therapy with a mold-active triazole plus echinocandin be administered vs.

Concordance between humans and GPT-4 in appraising the methodological quality of case reports and case series using the Murad tool.

Background: Assessing the methodological quality of case reports and case series is challenging due to human judgment variability and time constraints. We evaluated the agreement in judgments between human reviewers and GPT-4 when applying a standard methodological quality assessment tool designed for case reports and series.

Methods: We searched Scopus for systematic reviews published in 2023-2024 that cited the appraisal tool by Murad et al.

Comparative effectiveness of balloons, adjustable balloons, and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background And Aims: Individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pairwise meta-analyses do not compare all commercially available endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) head-to-head. Therefore, the choice among them is currently made by inference or indirect data. We therefore assessed the comparative efficacy and safety of EBTs through a network meta-analysis.

Comparative Efficacy of Advanced Therapies for Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: 2024 American Gastroenterological Association Evidence Synthesis.

Background & Aims: We performed an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis to inform the 2024 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Guidelines on the management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases through November 21, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials in adults with moderate-to-severe UC, comparing different advanced therapies (tumor necrosis factor antagonists, vedolizumab, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, interleukin 12/23 or selective interleukin 23 antagonists, and Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitors) against placebo or another active comparator. Our primary outcomes were induction and maintenance of clinical remission, and our secondary outcome was endoscopic improvement.