Lack of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Real Life, with the Emergence of Immunotherapy.

Background: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is recommended to decrease the incidence of brain metastases (BM) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ESSCLC) without BM after response to chemotherapy. However, PCI is associated with significant neurocognitive effects, and new studies are debating its benefits. Moreover, the introduction of immunotherapy in the management of the disease has raised new questions, and there is a lack of data on PCI and immunotherapy.

[Characteristics of radiotherapy for adolescents and young adults].

Radiotherapy for adolescents and young adults is complex in several aspects. The population is very heterogeneous and has characteristics derived from both paediatric and adult populations both in terms of pathology (anatomical pathology, response to treatment) and the patient's physical, biological and psychological characteristics. This article reviews the characteristics to be taken into account in adolescent and young adult patients radiotherapy and more particularly in some of the most common diseases.

Local Recurrence Risk Score to Predict Relapse after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Tumors.

Background: After stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung tumors, follow-up CT scans remain a pitfall. The early detection of local relapse is essential to propose a new treatment. We aim to create a local recurrence predictive score using pre- and post-therapeutic imaging criteria and test it on a validation cohort.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for post operative brain metastasic surgical cavities: a single institution experience.

Background: The standard therapy for brain metastasis was surgery combined with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The latter is however, associated with important neurocognitive toxicity. To reduce this toxicity, postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a promising technique.

A prospective behavioral and imaging study exploring the impact on long-term memory of radiotherapy delivered for a brain tumor in childhood and adolescence.

Background: Posterior fossa tumors represent two thirds of brain tumors in children. Although progress in treatment has improved survival rates over the past few years, long-term memory impairments in survivors are frequent and have an impact on academic achievement. The hippocampi, cerebellum and cerebellar-cortical networks play a role in several memory systems.

Mask-Based versus Frame-Based Gamma Knife ICON Radiosurgery in Brain Metastases: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Background: Radiosurgery is performed with a diversity of instruments relying usually either on a stereotactic frame or a mask for patient head fixation. Comfort and safety efficacy of the 2 systems have never been rigorously evaluated and compared.

Material And Method: Between February 2016 and January 2017, 58 patients presenting with nonsmall cell lung cancer brain metastases have been treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) with random use of a frame or a mask for fixation were included patients older than 18, with <5 brain metastases (at the exclusion of brainstem and optic pathway's locations) and no earlier history of radiotherapy.

Lymphovascular invasion has a significant prognostic impact in patients with early breast cancer, results from a large, national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: We determined the prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in a large, national, multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients with early breast cancer (BC) according to numerous factors.

Patients And Methods: We collected data on 17 322 early BC patients treated in 13 French cancer centers from 1991 to 2013. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate survival analyses were carried out using the Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for significant variables associated with LVI or not.

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue in Wilms tumors: French report on toxicity and efficacy.

Background: Heterogeneous data have been reported on high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) in Wilms tumors (WTs). We aimed to define its safety and efficacy in the French cohort, and to compare this management to current international recommendations.

Methods: Data prospectively collected from children, adolescents, and young adults with WT treated with HDCT/ASCR between 2000 and 2016 in French centers were retrospectively analyzed.

Outcome of Stage IV Completely Necrotic Wilms Tumour and Local Stage III Treated According to the SIOP 2001 Protocol.

Objective: Wilms tumour (WT) patients with a localised completely necrotic nephroblastoma after preoperative chemotherapy are a favourable outcome group. Since the introduction of the SIOP 2001 protocol, the SIOP- Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) has omitted radiotherapy for such patients with low-risk, local stage III in an attempt to reduce treatment burden. However, for metastatic patients with local stage III, completely necrotic WT, the recommendations led to ambiguous use.

Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Associated to Conformal Radiotherapy in the Treatment of D'Amico Intermediate-/High-Risk Prostate Cancer in Older Patients.

Purpose/objective: The association of 3D Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy (3D-CEBRT) with adjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) proved to treat patients with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer (IR and HR). However, older patients were underrepresented in literature. We aimed to report the oncological results and morbidity 3D-CEBRT +ADT in ≥80 years patients.

The SIOP-Renal Tumour Study Group consensus statement on flank target volume delineation for highly conformal radiotherapy.

For decades, radiotherapy with two opposing photon beams has been the standard technique used to cover the flank target volume in paediatric patients with renal tumours. Nowadays, many institutes are implementing advanced radiotherapy techniques that spare healthy tissue. To decrease the radiotherapy dose to healthy structures while preserving oncological efficacy, the conventional approach of flank irradiation has been adapted into a guideline for highly conformal flank target-volume delineation by paediatric radiation oncologists and representatives of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology's Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) board during four live international consensus meetings.

Exclusive Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy and Reduced Boost Volume for Standard-Risk Medulloblastoma: Pooled Analysis of the 2 French Multicentric Studies MSFOP98 and MSFOP 2007 and Correlation With Molecular Subgroups.

Purpose: Medulloblastoma has recently been characterized as a heterogeneous disease with 4 distinct molecular subgroups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4, with a new definition of risk stratification. We report progression-free survival, overall survival, and long-term cognitive effects in children with standard-risk medulloblastoma exclusively treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT), reduced boost volume, and online quality control, and we explore the prognostic value of biological characteristics in this chemotherapy-naïve population.

Methods And Materials: Patients with standard-risk medulloblastoma were enrolled in 2 successive prospective multicentric studies, MSFOP 98 and MSFOP 2007, and received exclusive HFRT (36 Gy, 1 Gy/fraction twice daily) to the craniospinal axis followed by a boost at 68 Gy restricted to the tumor bed (1.

Stereotactic radiosurgery combined with anti-PD1 for the management of melanoma brain metastases: A retrospective study of safety and efficacy.

Background: Brain metastases can be effectively treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now pivotal in metastatic melanoma care, but some concerns have emerged regarding the safety of their combination with radiation therapy.

Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients treated by anti-PD1 and SRS as a sole modality of radiation therapy (no whole brain radiation therapy at any time) in a single institution.

HoSAGE: Sarcopenia in Older Patients before and after Treatment with Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease defined by a loss of muscle strength associated to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass. In addition to aging, many factors may contribute to sarcopenia as cancer and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Objectives: The aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in older prostate cancer patients before initiation of treatment with ADT and radiotherapy, and to evaluate the impact of ADT on the occurrence or aggravation of sarcopenia in this population.

The outcomes of a second and third Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Introduction: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) is a minimally invasive surgical option for drug-resistant essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). The authors reviewed pain outcomes and complications in GPN patients who underwent a second or a third GKR for recurrent or persistent pain.

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients treated in a single center (Marseille, France) since 2004 was performed.

Feasibility of Dose Escalation in Patients With Intracranial Pediatric Ependymoma.

Pediatric ependymoma carries a dismal prognosis, mainly owing to local relapse within RT fields. The current prospective European approach is to increase the radiation dose with a sequential hypofractionated stereotactic boost. In this study, we assessed the possibility of using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB), comparing VMAT vs.

Re-irradiation of locally recurrent pediatric intracranial ependymoma: Experience of the French society of children's cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the clinical results of re-irradiation for children with a locally recurrent brain ependymoma.

Methods: 33 full-dose re-irradiations were delivered to 31 children with a recurrent brain ependymoma after a standard treatment. Each child was followed up with clinical and MRI examinations.

Effect of Adding Docetaxel to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer With Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels After Primary Local Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plus docetaxel is the standard of care in hormone-naive metastatic prostate cancer but is of uncertain benefit in a nonmetastatic, high-risk prostate cancer setting.

Objective: To assess the benefit of ADT plus docetaxel in patients presenting with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after primary local therapy and high-risk factors but no evidence of metastatic disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, phase 3, randomized superiority trial comparing ADT plus docetaxel vs ADT alone enrolled patients from 28 centers in France between June 4, 2003, and September 25, 2007; final follow-up was conducted April 12, 2017, and analysis was performed May 2 to July 31, 2017.

Negative Survival Impact of High Radiation Doses to Neural Stem Cells Niches in an IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastoma Population.

Assess the impact of radiation doses to neural stem cell (NSC) niches in patients with IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. Fifty patients were included in the study. NSC niches [SubVentricular Zone (SVZ) and Sub Granular Zone (SGZ)] were contoured by fusing CT scans and pre-therapy MRI, Tumor location defined ipsilateral and contralateral SVZ and SGZ.

Isolated ipsilateral local recurrence of breast cancer: predictive factors and prognostic impact.

Background: Tumour features associated with isolated invasive breast cancer (BC) ipsilateral local recurrence (ILR) after breast conservative treatment (BCT) and consequences on overall survival (OS) are still debated. Our objective was to investigate these points.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified from a cohort of patients who underwent BCT for invasive BC in 16 cancer centres.

Immunologically effective dose: a practical model for immuno-radiotherapy.

Objectives: Concomitant radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade could be synergistic. Out-of-field effects could improve survival by slowing or blocking metastatic spreading. However, not much is known about the optimal size per fraction and inter-fraction time in that new context.