[Impact of Non-Pharmacological Measures during COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents - A Cross-sectional Study of 649 10th Grade Pupils in the City of Witten, Germany (GeWIT-Study)].

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and non-pharmacological interventions, with a particular focus on the subjective experiences of pupils in relation to the measures, the extent to which quarantine and illness with COVID-19 influenced their perception of the disease, the protective measures taken and the groups that were particularly affected.

Methods: From November 2021 to February 2022, a written survey of tenth grade pupils from all nine secondary municipal schools in the city of Witten, Germany was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and evaluate the data.

Identifying gaps in healthcare: a qualitative study of Ukrainian refugee experiences in the German system, uncovering differences, information and support needs.

Background: The 5.8 million Ukrainian refugees arriving in European countries must navigate varying healthcare systems and different and often unknown languages in their respective host countries. To date, there has been little exploration of the experiences, perceived differences, information and support needs of these refugees regarding the use of healthcare in Germany.

Feasibility and potential effectiveness of the IdentifEYE training programmes to address mental health problems in adults with vision impairment.

Purpose: Two training programmes about depression and anxiety in adults with vision impairment were developed to support eye care practitioners (ECPs) and low vision service (LVS) workers in identifying and discussing mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the training programmes' potential effectiveness and feasibility.

Methods: The training programmes were offered to ECPs (n = 9) and LVS workers (n = 17).

[Multimorbidity and its Importance in Future Health Care in Germany: a Secondary Data Analysis Based on 67 Million Health Insurance Policy Holders].

Background: Multimorbidity is a particular challenge for health care systems. In Germany, epidemiological findings are primarily sample-based. The estimated prevalence among adults in Germany is high, but there are methodological problems, such as a lack of a uniform definition.

Discussing depression in patients with visual impairment differs across countries: Validation of a prediction model in healthcare providers.

Purpose: Healthcare providers often experience difficulties in discussing depression with adults with visual impairment (VI), obstructing timely referral. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of routine discussions of depression with adults with VI from the perspective of different healthcare providers from different countries.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from Welsh (N = 122), Australian (N = 94) and Dutch (N = 100) healthcare providers, that is eye care practitioners (ECPs) and low-vision care providers (LVCPs), were analysed.

[Primary care of Ukrainian refugees].

Background: Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, more than 7.6 million people from Ukraine have been registered as refugees in European countries. In Germany, the number is estimated to be more than 1 million.

Improved intention, self-efficacy and social influence in the workspace may help low vision service workers to discuss depression and anxiety with visually impaired and blind adults.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common in visually impaired and blind adults, but often remain untreated in those who receive support from low vision service (LVS) organizations. This study aims to determine factors associated with discussing mental health by LVS workers.

Methods: A self-administered cross-sectional survey in one hundred LVS workers was performed.

Perspectives on Implementing the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 in Low-Vision Service Organizations to Screen for Depression and Anxiety.

Purpose: To describe the process of implementing a screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), in low-vision service (LVS) organizations.

Methods: This study consisted of three parts: (1) a usability study combined with semistructured interviews, in which clients (n = 10) of LVS organizations expressed their preference for using the PHQ-4; (2) a feasibility study, in which the PHQ-4 was implemented on a small scale and its use was evaluated, involving health care providers (n = 6) and clients (n = 9); and (3) semistructured interviews to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing the PHQ-4 according to health care providers (n = 6) and managers (n = 4) of LVS organizations. Results were integrated into themes and linked to constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Barriers and facilitators to recognize and discuss depression and anxiety experienced by adults with vision impairment or blindness: a qualitative study.

Background: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent, but often unrecognized in adults with vision impairment (VI) or blindness. The purpose of this study was to explore visually impaired and blind adults' views on facilitators and barriers in recognizing and discussing mental health problems.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews, based on the Integrated Model for Change, were conducted with 16 visually impaired or blind adults receiving support from three Dutch low vision service organizations.

Association between over-indebtedness and antidepressant use: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Burden of disease caused by depression and its association with socioeconomic status is well documented. However, research on over-indebtedness is scarce although millions of European citizens in all socioeconomic positions are over-indebted. Prior studies suggested that over-indebtedness is associated with poor physical and mental health.

Patient-physician communication about financial problems: A cross-sectional study among over-indebted individuals.

Background: About every tenth household across Europe is unable to meet payment obligations and living expenses on an ongoing basis and is thus considered over-indebted. Previous research suggests that over-indebtedness reflects a potential cause and consequence of psychosomatic health problems and limited access to care. However, it is unclear whether those affected discuss their financial problems with general practitioners.

[Addressing Issues of Living Will and Power of Attorney in Patients With Dementia - A Cross-Sectional Study Among German General Practitioners].

Objectives: Issues of living will and power of attorney must be addressed as early as possible in dementia patients because of their decreasing independence and ability to act for themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether general practitioners (GPs), who usually have long-standing and regular contact with this group of patients, address these precautionary measures and if there is any association between this approach and further communication and educational behaviour of doctors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using standardized, written questionnaires, was conducted in a random sample of 982 GPs in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany between October 2017 and January 2018.

Cost-related medication nonadherence among over-indebted individuals enrolled in statutory health insurance in Germany: a cross-sectional population study.

Background: Millions of citizens in high-income countries face over-indebtedness that implies being unable to cover payment obligations with available income and assets on an ongoing basis. Studies have shown an association between over-indebtedness and health outcomes, independent of standard socioeconomic status measures. Patterns of cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN) among over-indebted individuals are yet unclear.

Tree-based modeling of time-varying coefficients in discrete time-to-event models.

Hazard models are popular tools for the modeling of discrete time-to-event data. In particular two approaches for modeling time dependent effects are in common use. The more traditional one assumes a linear predictor with effects of explanatory variables being constant over time.

Over-indebtedness and its association with sleep and sleep medication use.

Background: Over-indebtedness is currently rising in high-income countries. Millions of citizens are confronted with the persistent situation when household income and assets are insufficient to cover payment obligations and living expenses. Previous research shows that over-indebtedness increases the risk of various adverse health effects.

Prevalence and predictors of having no general practitioner - analysis of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1).

Background: Although patients in Germany are generally free to choose their primary healthcare provider, this role should mainly be assumed by general practitioners (GPs). While some predictors of the frequency of use of GP services have been reported in international studies, there is still a lack in knowledge what could deter people from contacting a GP in Germany. To improve healthcare, it is important to identify characteristics of people without a GP.

Challenges in diagnosing dementia in patients with a migrant background - a cross-sectional study among German general practitioners.

Background: Diagnosing dementia, a syndrome affecting 35.6 million people worldwide, can be challenging, especially in patients with a migrant background. Language barriers and language-based diagnostic tools, cultural differences in the perception of the syndrome as well as restricted access to healthcare can influence medical care.

[Health Expertise of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among Midwife Trainees in North Rhine-Westphalia: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study].

Objective: For the first time, the level of knowledge and attitude towards vaccinations in general as well as seasonal influenza vaccination of midwife trainees in Germany was assessed.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2017. The written standardized questionnaire was completed by all midwife-trainees in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The effect of a structured medication review on quality of life in Parkinson's disease: The study protocol.

Background: Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is symptomatic and frequently consists of complicated medication regimes. This negatively influences therapy adherence, resulting in lower benefit of treatment, drug related problems and decreased quality of life (QoL). A potential effective intervention strategy is a structured medication review, executed by community pharmacists.

Barriers in general practitioners' dementia diagnostics among people with a migration background in Germany (BaDeMi) - study protocol for a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Considering the targeted general practitioner-centred healthcare in Germany, general practitioners (GPs) are in the best possible position to increase awareness of all sorts of dementia, an age-related syndrome with rising relevance in the future. In Germany, a doubling of the number of cases from 1.55 million up to 3 million in 2050 is predicted.

Determinants of having no general practitioner in Germany and the influence of a migration background: results of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1).

Background: It is aspired in the German healthcare system that general practitioners (GPs) act as initial contact for patients and guide through at all steps of medical treatment. This study aims at identifying factors associated with the odds of having no GP within the general population and especially among people with migration background.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was based on the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults" (DEGS1) conducted by the Robert Koch Institute.

Prevalence and comorbidity of osteoporosis- a cross-sectional analysis on 10,660 adults aged 50 years and older in Germany.

Background: Knowledge on prevalence of osteoporosis stratifying for socioeconomic background is insufficient in Germany. Little is known in Europe about other diseases that go along with it although these aspects are important for implementing effective public health strategies.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was based on the national telephone survey "German Health Update" (GEDA 2012) performed in 2012/2013.

Who is the gate keeper for treatment in a fertility clinic in Germany? -baseline results of a prospective cohort study (PinK study).

Background: It is estimated that 5-15% of all couples in industrialised nations are infertile. A perceived unfulfilled desire for a child or self-identification as infertile can lead to psychological strain and social isolation. About 53.

Prevalence of multimorbidity in Germany: impact of age and educational level in a cross-sectional study on 19,294 adults.

Background: Multimorbidity is one of the most important and challenging aspects in public health. Multimorbid people are associated with more hospital admissions, a large number of drug prescriptions and higher risks of mortality. As there is evidence that multimorbidity varies with age and socioeconomic disparity, the main objective aimed at determining age-specific prevalence rates as well as exploring educational differences relating to multimorbidity in Germany.