Inhibition of cPLA2 translocation and leukotriene C4 secretion by fluticasone propionate in exogenously activated human eosinophils.

We examined the effect of the highly lipophilic corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FP), in causing (1) inhibition of nuclear translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and (2) blockade of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis in isolated human eosinophils in vitro. Eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood, treated with either buffer or 10(-)10 M to 10(-)6 M FP in the presence of 10 pg/ml human recombinant interleukin-5 (rhIL-5) and activated with formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP) + cytochalasin B (CB). At 24 h, stimulated LTC4 secretion from eosinophils was unchanged; however, when corrected for cell viability, LTC4 secretion decreased from 1,429 +/- 327 pg/10(6) cells to 762 +/- 113 pg/10(6) cells for eosinophils treated for 48 h with >/= 10(-)8 M FP (p < 0.

Roles of Trp31 in high membrane binding and proinflammatory activity of human group V phospholipase A2.

Group V phospholipase A2 is a recently discovered secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that has been shown to be involved in eicosanoid formation in inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and mast cells. We have demonstrated that human group V PLA2 (hsPLA2-V) can bind phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes and hydrolyze PC substrates much more efficiently than human group IIa PLA2, which makes it better suited for acting on the outer plasma membrane (Han, S.-K.

Upregulated surface expression of intracellularly sequestered Igepsilon receptors (FcepsilonRII/CD23) following activation in human peripheral blood eosinophils.

We investigated the regulation, secretion, and surface expression of the low-affinity FcepsilonRII receptor (CD23) in eosinophils isolated from human blood using multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed at different epitopes of human CD23. Substantial surface expression of CD23 was not demonstrated in the resting state. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) measured by flow cytometry was 7.

Effect of Explotab on the tabletability of a poorly soluble drug.

The efficiency of a superdisintegrant (Explotab) in a direct-compression formulation containing a poorly water soluble drug (albumin tanate) at high dosage was investigated. An experimental design with two variables, applied pressure and concentration of Explotab, enabled its effects on the tableting and the mechanical properties of the final tablets to be determined. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to study the interactions between drug and excipients.

Intracellular expression of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) and its mobilization by chemoattractants in human eosinophils.

We characterized the existence, translocation, and reabsorption during cellular activation of a constitutively expressed intracellular CD16 in the human eosinophil. By two-color flow cytometry, we showed that 6.5+/-0.

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 variants affects yield of virus-like particles produced in an insect cell expression system.

The L1 major capsid proteins of six human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) strains were expressed in insect cells by using recombinant baculoviruses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) which appeared similar to empty virions were identified by electron microscopy for all HPV strains investigated. However, the yield of VLPs produced varied in a range from 1 to 79 depending on the HPV-16 strain.

Taurine efflux and intracellular pH during astrocyte volume regulation.

Cytotoxic cerebral edema is characterized by enlarged astroglial cells. In tissue culture, osmotically swollen astrocytes return toward normal volume over a period of 15-30 min in a process termed regulatory volume decrease (RVD). RVD is due, in part, to net efflux of taurine and other amino acids.

The viral origin of cervical cancer in Rabat, Morocco.

In Northern Africa, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women. The diagnosis is usually made in advanced stages, and mortality is high, yet few studies have investigated the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other risk factors in the etiology of cervical cancer. A hospital-based case-control study was completed at the Institut National d'Oncologie (INO) in Rabat, Morocco.

International trends in the incidence of cervical cancer: I. Adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinomas.

Time trends in the incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinomas during the period 1973-1991 were examined using data provided by 60 population-based cancer registries from 32 defined populations in 25 countries. Three components of the incidence trend were studied: age, calendar period of diagnosis and birth cohort. Cumulative incidence rates per 1,000 for 2 groups with age ranges 25-49 and 50-74 years were calculated from the model that best described the incidence data.

Protein kinase C inhibition enhances platelet-activating factor-induced eicosanoid production in human eosinophils.

Previous investigations have suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) may regulate guinea pig eosinophil responses through a suppressive "negative feedback" mechanism. Using the selective PKC inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I, GF 109203X) and calphostin C, we examined the role of PKC in platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced respiratory burst and generation of arachidonic acid metabolites in human peripheral blood eosinophils. Bis I inhibited PAF-induced generation of superoxide anion with substantially lower potency (geometric mean IC50 = 1.

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Thailand: a case-control study.

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 16 and 18 are clearly involved in the etiology of cervical cancer, but the evidence for the carcinogenicity of other HPV types is limited. Cofactors involved in the progression from infection with HPV to high-grade precursors and cancer have not been clearly defined by the results of previous studies.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study of invasive cervical cancer to investigate risk in relation to HPV infection and its epidemiologic cofactors in Hat-Yai, Thailand.

Causes of cervical cancer in the Philippines: a case-control study.

Background: Among the numerous human papillomavirus (HPV) types, only types 16 and 18 have been formally classified as human carcinogens. To evaluate the associations of 33 HPV types and other risk factors with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, we performed a hospital-based, case-control study in the Philippines.

Methods: The study included 356 case subjects who had histologically confirmed cervical cancer (323 incident cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 33 incident cases of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma) and 381 control subjects.

Loss of FHIT expression in cervical carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors.

Allelic deletions involving the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p13-21.1) have been observed frequently in cervical carcinomas. Recently, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, FHIT (Fragile Histidine Triad), was cloned and mapped to this chromosomal region (3p14.

Histological diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the stomach: a reliability study.

Background: Within the framework of a chemoprevention trial on stomach cancer, two substudies based on repeat measurement were undertaken to evaluate reliability of histological diagnoses of gastric precancerous lesions.

Methods: A subgroup of 45 subjects received two endoscopies separated by a period of one month. The two biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist.

Prevalence of penile human papillomavirus DNA in husbands of women with and without cervical neoplasia: a study in Spain and Colombia.

To investigate the role of men in cervical cancer, 816 husbands of women enrolled in four case-control studies of cervical neoplasia in populations at high (Colombia) and low (Spain) risk for cervical cancer were interviewed. Exfoliated cells from the penis were obtained and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Penile HPV DNA prevalences were higher in husbands of women with cervical neoplasia than in husbands of controls.

Epidemiology of gastric cancer and perspectives for prevention.

The most recent estimates of the world-wide incidence of cancer indicate that gastric cancer was in 1990 the second most frequent cancer in the world (after lung cancer), with about 900000 new cases diagnosed every year. Steady declines in the rates have been observed everywhere in the last few decades, but the absolute number of new cases per year is increasing mainly because of ageing of the population. The exact causes of the decline of gastric cancer are not well understood, but must include improvements in diet, food storage (e.

Cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: epidemiological evidence and perspectives for prevention.

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, as it is the second most common cancer in women world-wide after breast cancer. About 80% of the half a million cases estimated to occur annually in the world, occur in developing countries. The epidemiological evidence linking human papillomavirus (HPV) to cervical cancer is reviewed.

Association of granular exocytosis with Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in human eosinophils.

We studied the mechanism of degranulation caused by Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (KCa channels) in eosinophils isolated from mildly atopic donors using negative immunoselection. Stimulation of eosinophils with 0.1 microM platelet-activating factor (PAF) caused activation of single channels as recorded by the cell-attached patch-clamp technique.

Cancer and infection: estimates of the attributable fraction in 1990.

Various estimates of the proportion of all cancers attributable to infections have been proposed but none have been numerically justified. We have reviewed the evidence for "causality" with respect to infectious agents linked with cancer and estimated the fraction of all cancer cases concerned that are attributable to it. The etiological fraction was applied to the estimated annual incidence of cancer at each specific site in 1990, and the number of attributable cases was obtained.

Eosinophil chemotaxis inhibited by 5-lipoxygenase blockade and leukotriene receptor antagonism.

We studied the effects of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and sulfidopeptidyl leukotriene receptor antagonism on lumenal chemotaxis of eosinophils in 124 guinea pig tracheal explant preparations from 62 animals. Cell migration was assessed histologically and by differential cell count, and airway narrowing was measured by calibrated micrometry. Intralumenal instillation of the chemotaxin, formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP) caused migration of 163,509 +/- 18,103 eosinophils/cm segment (eos/cm) versus 15,443 +/- 3,557 eos/cm for segments receiving vehicle only (p < 0.

Conservation of bronchiolar wall area during constriction and dilation of human airways.

We assessed the effect of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation on airway lumen subtended by the internal perimeter (Ai) and total cross-sectional area (Ao) of human bronchial explants in the absence of the potential lung tethering forces of alveolar tissue to test the hypothesis that bronchoconstriction results in a comparable change of Ai and Ao. Luminal area (i.e.

Human papillomavirus type 16 sequence variation in cervical cancers: a worldwide perspective.

We examined intratype human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) sequence variation in tumor samples that were collected and analyzed in an international study of invasive cervical cancer. The collection included tumors from 22 countries in five continents. Using our recently developed E6 and L1 PCR-based hybridization systems to distinguish HPV-16 variant lineages, we analyzed material from tumors previously found to contain HPV-16 DNA.

Human papillomavirus DNA and antibodies to human papillomaviruses 16 E2, L2, and E7 peptides as predictors of survival in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer.

Purpose: To assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection in cervical cancer specimens, or antibodies to selected HPV 16 peptides are predictors of tumor recurrence and long-term survival in patients with squamous cell invasive cervical cancer.

Subjects And Methods: Four hundred seventy-one cases included in two population-based case-control studies underwent follow-up evaluation. The survival and cause of death were ascertained for 410 cases (87%), with a median follow-up time of 4.